diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-linux.yml b/.github/workflows/build-linux.yml
index cccdafa8..a3cbb55c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-linux.yml
@@ -325,3 +325,178 @@ jobs:
             --data-binary @"$f" \
             "${upload_url}?name=${f##*/}"
         done
+
+  deb-loong64:
+    name: build and release deb loong64
+    if: |
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    env:
+      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
+      QCOW2_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/debian-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/13.4/debian13-loong64.qcow2
+      EFI_CODE_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/debian-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/13.4/edk2-loongarch64-code.fd
+      EFI_VARS_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/debian-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/13.4/edk2-loongarch64-vars.fd
+      QCOW2_IMAGE: debian13-loong64.qcow2
+      EFI_CODE: edk2-loongarch64-code.fd
+      EFI_VARS: edk2-loongarch64-vars.fd
+      QEMU_VERSION: 10.2.2
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Prepare host tools
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y rsync qemu-utils expect wget curl ca-certificates libfdt1 libglib2.0-0 libpixman-1-0 libslirp0
+
+    - name: Checkout repo
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+
+    - name: Download QEMU prebuild
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        wget -O qemu-linux-x64.tar.gz \
+          "https://github.com/xujiegb/qemu-linux-prebuild/releases/download/${QEMU_VERSION}/qemu-linux-x64.tar.gz"
+
+        tar -xzf qemu-linux-x64.tar.gz
+
+        mkdir -p "$HOME/qemu-install"
+
+        rsync -a qemu-linux-x64/ "$HOME/qemu-install/"
+
+        "$HOME/qemu-install/bin/qemu-system-loongarch64" --version
+
+    - name: Download loong64 qcow2 and EFI firmware
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        wget -O "$QCOW2_IMAGE" "$QCOW2_URL"
+        wget -O "$EFI_CODE" "$EFI_CODE_URL"
+        wget -O "$EFI_VARS" "$EFI_VARS_URL"
+
+        qemu-img info "$QCOW2_IMAGE"
+
+    - name: Build loong64 DEB in VM through serial console
+      shell: bash
+      timeout-minutes: 180
+      env:
+        RELEASE_TAG: ${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64"
+
+        expect <<'EOF'
+        log_user 1
+        set timeout -1
+
+        set release_tag $env(RELEASE_TAG)
+        set qemu_bin "$env(HOME)/qemu-install/bin/qemu-system-loongarch64"
+        set qemu_rom_dir "$env(HOME)/qemu-install/share/qemu"
+
+        set workspace $env(GITHUB_WORKSPACE)
+        set repo $env(GITHUB_REPOSITORY)
+        set sha $env(GITHUB_SHA)
+
+        set qcow2 $env(QCOW2_IMAGE)
+        set efi_code $env(EFI_CODE)
+        set efi_vars $env(EFI_VARS)
+
+        proc wait_prompt {} {
+          expect {
+            -re "__CI_PROMPT__# " {}
+            timeout { exit 1 }
+            eof { exit 1 }
+          }
+        }
+
+        proc run_cmd {cmd} {
+          send -- "$cmd\r"
+          wait_prompt
+        }
+
+        spawn $qemu_bin \
+          -L $qemu_rom_dir \
+          -machine virt \
+          -accel tcg,thread=multi,tb-size=2048 \
+          -cpu la464 \
+          -m 9216 \
+          -smp 4 \
+          -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=0,file=$efi_code,readonly=on \
+          -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=1,file=$efi_vars \
+          -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=hd0,bootindex=1 \
+          -drive if=none,media=disk,id=hd0,file=$qcow2,format=qcow2 \
+          -netdev user,id=net0 \
+          -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
+          -virtfs local,path=$workspace,mount_tag=workspace,security_model=none,id=workspace \
+          -display none \
+          -serial stdio \
+          -monitor none
+
+        expect -re "login:|debian login:"
+        send -- "root\r"
+
+        expect -re "Password:|密码:|密码："
+        send -- "password\r"
+
+        expect {
+          -re "# " {}
+          timeout { exit 1 }
+          eof { exit 1 }
+        }
+
+        send -- "export TERM=dumb; export PS1='__CI_PROMPT__# '\r"
+        wait_prompt
+
+        run_cmd "mkdir -p /workspace"
+        run_cmd "mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L workspace /workspace || mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio workspace /workspace"
+        run_cmd "IFACE=\$(ip -o link show | awk -F': ' '\$2 != \"lo\" {print \$2; exit}') ; ip link set \$IFACE up || true"
+        run_cmd "dhclient \$IFACE || true"
+        run_cmd "printf 'nameserver 10.0.2.3\nnameserver 1.1.1.1\n' >/etc/resolv.conf"
+        run_cmd "apt-get update || apt-get update || apt-get update"
+        run_cmd "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev gcc make libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1"
+        run_cmd "rm -rf /root/v2rayN-src"
+        run_cmd "git clone --recursive https://github.com/$repo.git /root/v2rayN-src"
+        run_cmd "cd /root/v2rayN-src && git fetch --depth=1 origin $sha && git checkout FETCH_HEAD && git submodule update --init --recursive"
+        run_cmd "cd /root/v2rayN-src && chmod 755 package-debian-loong.sh"
+
+        send -- "cd /root/v2rayN-src; cat >/tmp/run-loong-build.sh <<'SCRIPT'\nset +e\nset -o pipefail\nbash -x ./package-debian-loong.sh \"\$RELEASE_TAG\" 2>&1 | tee /tmp/build.log\nrc=\$?\nmkdir -p /workspace/dist/deb-loong64\ncp -av /root/debbuild/*.deb /workspace/dist/deb-loong64/ 2>/dev/null || true\necho __BUILD_DONE__\$rc\nSCRIPT\nRELEASE_TAG=\"$release_tag\" bash /tmp/run-loong-build.sh\r"
+
+        expect {
+          -re "__BUILD_DONE__0" {
+            send -- "poweroff\r"
+          }
+          default {
+            exit 1
+          }
+        }
+        EOF
+
+    - name: Collect DEBs
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64"
+
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64" -name "*.deb" \
+          -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64/v2rayN-linux-loong64.deb" \; || true
+
+        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
+        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64"
+
+    - name: Upload DEBs to release
+      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
+      with:
+        file: dist/deb-loong64/**/*.deb
+        tag: ${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}
+        file_glob: true
+        prerelease: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/update-riscv-depand.yml b/.github/workflows/update-riscv-depand.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 9cb57d5e..00000000
--- a/.github/workflows/update-riscv-depand.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,256 +0,0 @@
-name: update riscv dependent versions
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  push:
-    branches: 
-      - master
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-
-concurrency:
-  group: update-riscv-dependent
-  cancel-in-progress: false
-
-jobs:
-  update:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
-        with:
-          dotnet-version: 10.0.1xx
-
-      - run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y jq
-
-      - name: resolve
-        id: resolve
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-
-          TARGET_FILES=(
-            package-rhel-riscv.sh
-            package-debian-riscv.sh
-          )
-
-          echo "==> restore projects"
-          find . -name '*.csproj' | while read -r p; do
-            if grep -q '<TargetFramework>.*-windows' "$p"; then
-              echo "[skip] $p"
-            else
-              echo "[restore] $p"
-              dotnet restore "$p" -p:EnableWindowsTargeting=true || true
-            fi
-          done
-
-          echo "==> collect assets"
-          mapfile -t ASSETS < <(find . -path '*/obj/project.assets.json')
-          printf '  %s\n' "${ASSETS[@]}"
-
-          ALL_LIBS=()
-          for f in "${ASSETS[@]}"; do
-            mapfile -t libs < <(jq -r '.libraries | keys[]' "$f")
-            ALL_LIBS+=("${libs[@]}")
-          done
-          mapfile -t LIBS < <(printf '%s\n' "${ALL_LIBS[@]}" | sort -u)
-
-          extract() {
-            local name="$1"
-            for i in "${LIBS[@]}"; do
-              [[ "$i" == "$name/"* ]] && echo "${i#*/}"
-            done | sort -u
-          }
-
-          norm_version() { echo "${1#v}"; }
-          is_preview() { [[ "$(norm_version "$1")" == *-* ]]; }
-          base_version() { local v; v="$(norm_version "$1")"; echo "${v%%-*}"; }
-
-          key() {
-            local v core pre a b c p1 p2 p3
-            v="$(norm_version "$1")"
-            core="${v%%-*}"
-            [[ "$v" == *-* ]] && pre="${v#*-}" || pre=""
-
-            IFS='.' read -r a b c <<< "$core"
-            a=${a//[^0-9]/}; a=${a:-0}
-            b=${b//[^0-9]/}; b=${b:-0}
-            c=${c//[^0-9]/}; c=${c:-0}
-
-            if [[ -z "$pre" ]]; then
-              printf "%05d.%05d.%05d.1\n" "$a" "$b" "$c"
-            else
-              pre="${pre#preview.}"
-              IFS='.' read -ra p <<< "$pre"
-              p1=${p[0]:-0}; p1=${p1//[^0-9]/}; p1=${p1:-0}
-              p2=${p[1]:-0}; p2=${p2//[^0-9]/}; p2=${p2:-0}
-              p3=${p[2]:-0}; p3=${p3//[^0-9]/}; p3=${p3:-0}
-              printf "%05d.%05d.%05d.0.%05d.%05d.%05d\n" \
-                "$a" "$b" "$c" "$p1" "$p2" "$p3"
-            fi
-          }
-
-          latest() {
-            local best="" best_key="" cur cur_key
-            for cur in "$@"; do
-              [[ -n "$cur" ]] || continue
-              cur_key="$(key "$cur")"
-              echo "  candidate: $cur -> $cur_key" >&2
-              if [[ -z "$best_key" || "$cur_key" > "$best_key" ]]; then
-                best="$cur"
-                best_key="$cur_key"
-              fi
-            done
-            echo "$best"
-          }
-
-          log_mixed_versions() {
-            local name="$1"; shift
-            local versions=("$@") bases=() v b
-            mapfile -t bases < <(
-              for v in "${versions[@]}"; do
-                [[ -n "$v" ]] && base_version "$v"
-              done | sort -u
-            )
-
-            for b in "${bases[@]}"; do
-              local has_stable=0 has_preview=0 matched=()
-              for v in "${versions[@]}"; do
-                [[ -n "$v" ]] || continue
-                [[ "$(base_version "$v")" == "$b" ]] || continue
-                matched+=("$v")
-                if is_preview "$v"; then
-                  has_preview=1
-                else
-                  has_stable=1
-                fi
-              done
-
-              if [[ "$has_stable" -eq 1 && "$has_preview" -eq 1 ]]; then
-                echo "[warn] $name: stable and preview both exist for base $b, prefer stable for this base" >&2
-                printf '  %s\n' "${matched[@]}" >&2
-              fi
-            done
-          }
-
-          filter_mixed_versions() {
-            local versions=("$@") stable_bases=() v b
-            mapfile -t stable_bases < <(
-              for v in "${versions[@]}"; do
-                if [[ -n "$v" ]] && ! is_preview "$v"; then
-                  base_version "$v"
-                fi
-              done | sort -u
-            )
-
-            for v in "${versions[@]}"; do
-              [[ -n "$v" ]] || continue
-              b="$(base_version "$v")"
-              if is_preview "$v" && printf '%s\n' "${stable_bases[@]}" | grep -qxF "$b"; then
-                continue
-              fi
-              echo "$v"
-            done
-          }
-
-          read_var() {
-            sed -nE "s/^$2=\"\\\$\\{$2:-([^\"]+)\\}\".*/\\1/p" "$1" | head -n1
-          }
-
-          choose_final_version() {
-            local old="$1" new="$2"
-            [[ -n "$new" ]] || { echo "$old"; return; }
-            [[ -n "$old" ]] || { echo "$new"; return; }
-            if [[ "$(key "$old")" > "$(key "$new")" ]]; then
-              echo "$old"
-            else
-              echo "$new"
-            fi
-          }
-
-          update_file() {
-            local file="$1"
-            local old_skia old_harf final_skia final_harf changed=0
-
-            old_skia="$(read_var "$file" SKIA_VER)"
-            old_harf="$(read_var "$file" HARFBUZZ_VER)"
-            final_skia="$(choose_final_version "$old_skia" "$NEW_SKIA")"
-            final_harf="$(choose_final_version "$old_harf" "$NEW_HARF")"
-
-            echo "==> check $file"
-            echo "    SKIA_VER:      ${old_skia} -> ${NEW_SKIA} (apply: ${final_skia})"
-            echo "    HARFBUZZ_VER:  ${old_harf} -> ${NEW_HARF} (apply: ${final_harf})"
-
-            if [[ "$old_skia" != "$final_skia" ]]; then
-              sed -i -E "s|^SKIA_VER=.*|SKIA_VER=\"\\\${SKIA_VER:-$final_skia}\"|" "$file"
-              changed=1
-            fi
-            if [[ "$old_harf" != "$final_harf" ]]; then
-              sed -i -E "s|^HARFBUZZ_VER=.*|HARFBUZZ_VER=\"\\\${HARFBUZZ_VER:-$final_harf}\"|" "$file"
-              changed=1
-            fi
-
-            grep -qF "SKIA_VER=\"\${SKIA_VER:-$final_skia}\"" "$file"
-            grep -qF "HARFBUZZ_VER=\"\${HARFBUZZ_VER:-$final_harf}\"" "$file"
-            bash -n "$file"
-
-            [[ "$changed" -eq 1 ]]
-          }
-
-          mapfile -t SKIA < <(extract SkiaSharp)
-          mapfile -t HARF < <(extract HarfBuzzSharp)
-
-          echo "==> SkiaSharp"
-          printf '  %s\n' "${SKIA[@]}"
-          echo "==> HarfBuzzSharp"
-          printf '  %s\n' "${HARF[@]}"
-
-          log_mixed_versions "SkiaSharp" "${SKIA[@]}"
-          log_mixed_versions "HarfBuzzSharp" "${HARF[@]}"
-
-          mapfile -t SKIA < <(filter_mixed_versions "${SKIA[@]}")
-          mapfile -t HARF < <(filter_mixed_versions "${HARF[@]}")
-
-          NEW_SKIA="$(latest "${SKIA[@]}")"
-          NEW_HARF="$(latest "${HARF[@]}")"
-
-          echo "==> selected"
-          echo "  SKIA_VER=$NEW_SKIA"
-          echo "  HARFBUZZ_VER=$NEW_HARF"
-
-          any_changed=0
-          changed_files=()
-
-          for file in "${TARGET_FILES[@]}"; do
-            if update_file "$file"; then
-              any_changed=1
-              changed_files+=("$file")
-            fi
-          done
-
-          if [[ "$any_changed" -eq 0 ]]; then
-            echo "changed=0" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            exit 0
-          fi
-
-          {
-            echo "changed=1"
-            echo "changed_files<<EOF"
-            printf '%s\n' "${changed_files[@]}"
-            echo "EOF"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-
-      - name: commit
-        if: steps.resolve.outputs.changed == '1'
-        run: |
-          git config user.name github-actions
-          git config user.email github-actions@github.com
-          git add package-rhel-riscv.sh package-debian-riscv.sh
-          if git diff --cached --quiet; then
-            exit 0
-          fi
-          git commit -m "chore: update riscv native dependency versions"
-          git push
diff --git a/package-debian-loong.sh b/package-debian-loong.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e00b0cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/package-debian-loong.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,742 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+VERSION_ARG=""
+WITH_CORE="both"
+FORCE_NETCORE=0
+BUILD_FROM=""
+XRAY_VER="${XRAY_VER:-}"
+SING_VER="${SING_VER:-}"
+
+MIN_KERNEL="5.10"
+PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
+PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
+OUTPUT_DIR="${HOME}/debbuild"
+DOTNET_TFM="net10.0"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION="10.0.108"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG="v10.0.108-loongarch64"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE="https://github.com/loongson/dotnet/releases/download"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION}-linux-loongarch64.tar.gz"
+DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE}"
+
+OS_ID=""
+OS_NAME=""
+OS_VERSION_ID=""
+HOST_ARCH=""
+SCRIPT_DIR=""
+PROJECT=""
+VERSION=""
+
+declare -a BUILT_DEBS=()
+
+die() {
+  echo "$*" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+parse_args() {
+  local first_arg="${1:-}"
+
+  if [[ -n "$first_arg" && "$first_arg" != --* ]]; then
+    VERSION_ARG="$first_arg"
+    shift || true
+  fi
+
+  while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case "$1" in
+      --with-core)   WITH_CORE="${2:-both}"; shift 2 ;;
+      --xray-ver)    XRAY_VER="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
+      --singbox-ver) SING_VER="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
+      --netcore)     FORCE_NETCORE=1; shift ;;
+      --buildfrom)   BUILD_FROM="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
+      *)
+        [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" ]] || VERSION_ARG="$1"
+        shift
+        ;;
+    esac
+  done
+
+  if [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" && -n "${BUILD_FROM:-}" ]]; then
+    die "You cannot specify both an explicit version and --buildfrom at the same time.
+        Provide either a version (e.g. 7.14.0) OR --buildfrom 1|2|3."
+  fi
+}
+
+detect_environment() {
+  local current_kernel=""
+  local lowest=""
+
+  . /etc/os-release
+
+  OS_ID="${ID:-}"
+  OS_NAME="${NAME:-$OS_ID}"
+  OS_VERSION_ID="${VERSION_ID:-}"
+  HOST_ARCH="$(uname -m)"
+
+  case "$OS_ID" in
+    debian)
+      echo "Detected supported system: ${OS_NAME:-$OS_ID} ${OS_VERSION_ID:-}"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      die "Unsupported system: ${OS_NAME:-unknown} (${OS_ID:-unknown}).
+This script only supports: Debian."
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  case "$HOST_ARCH" in
+    loongarch64) ;;
+    *) die "Only supports loongarch64" ;;
+  esac
+
+  current_kernel="$(uname -r)"
+  lowest="$(printf '%s\n%s\n' "$MIN_KERNEL" "$current_kernel" | sort -V | head -n1)"
+
+  [[ "$lowest" == "$MIN_KERNEL" ]] || die "Kernel $current_kernel is below $MIN_KERNEL"
+  echo "[OK] Kernel $current_kernel verified."
+}
+
+install_dependencies() {
+  local install_ok=0
+  local tmp_dotnet=""
+
+  mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
+
+  if command -v apt-get >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get -y install \
+      curl unzip tar jq rsync ca-certificates git dpkg-dev fakeroot file \
+      desktop-file-utils xdg-utils wget gcc make pkg-config \
+      libicu-dev libssl-dev libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 zlib1g
+
+    mkdir -p "$HOME/.dotnet"
+    tmp_dotnet="$(mktemp -d)"
+    curl -fL "$DOTNET_SDK_URL" -o "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
+    tar -C "$HOME/.dotnet" -xzf "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
+    rm -rf "$tmp_dotnet"
+
+    export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
+    export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
+
+    mkdir -p "$HOME/.nuget/NuGet"
+
+    cat > "$HOME/.nuget/NuGet/NuGet.Config" <<EOF
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<configuration>
+  <packageSources>
+    <clear />
+    <add key="nuget.org" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" />
+    <add key="loongnix" value="https://lnuget.loongnix.cn/v3/index.json" allowInsecureConnections="true" />
+  </packageSources>
+</configuration>
+EOF
+
+    dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 && install_ok=1
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$install_ok" -ne 1 ]]; then
+    echo "Could not auto-install dependencies for '$OS_ID'. Make sure these are available:"
+    echo "dotnet-loongarch SDK, curl, unzip, tar, rsync, git, gcc, make, dpkg-deb, fakeroot, libicu-dev, libssl-dev"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+prepare_workspace() {
+  SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+  cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
+
+  if [[ -f .gitmodules ]]; then
+    git submodule sync --recursive || true
+    git submodule update --init --recursive || true
+  fi
+
+  PROJECT="$PROJECT_HINT"
+  [[ -f "$PROJECT" ]] || PROJECT="$(find . -maxdepth 3 -name 'v2rayN.Desktop.csproj' | head -n1 || true)"
+  [[ -f "$PROJECT" ]] || die "v2rayN.Desktop.csproj not found"
+}
+
+choose_channel() {
+  local ch="latest"
+  local sel=""
+
+  if [[ -n "${BUILD_FROM:-}" ]]; then
+    case "$BUILD_FROM" in
+      1) echo "latest"; return 0 ;;
+      2) echo "prerelease"; return 0 ;;
+      3) echo "keep"; return 0 ;;
+      *) die "[ERROR] Invalid --buildfrom value: ${BUILD_FROM}. Use 1|2|3." ;;
+    esac
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -t 0 ]]; then
+    echo "[?] Choose v2rayN release channel:" >&2
+    echo "    1) Latest (stable)  [default]" >&2
+    echo "    2) Pre-release (preview)" >&2
+    echo "    3) Keep current (do nothing)" >&2
+    printf "Enter 1, 2 or 3 [default 1]: " >&2
+
+    if read -r sel </dev/tty; then
+      case "${sel:-}" in
+        2) ch="prerelease" ;;
+        3) ch="keep" ;;
+      esac
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  echo "$ch"
+}
+
+get_latest_tag_latest() {
+  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases/latest" \
+    | jq -re '.tag_name' \
+    | sed 's/^v//'
+}
+
+get_latest_tag_prerelease() {
+  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases?per_page=20" \
+    | jq -re 'first(.[] | select(.prerelease == true) | .tag_name)' \
+    | sed 's/^v//'
+}
+
+sync_submodules() {
+  if [[ -f .gitmodules ]]; then
+    git submodule sync --recursive || true
+    git submodule update --init --recursive || true
+  fi
+}
+
+git_try_checkout() {
+  local want="$1"
+  local ref=""
+
+  if git rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    git fetch --tags --force --prune --depth=1 || true
+    git rev-parse "refs/tags/${want}" >/dev/null 2>&1 && ref="$want"
+
+    if [[ -n "$ref" ]]; then
+      echo "[OK] Found ref '${ref}', checking out..."
+      git checkout -f "$ref"
+      sync_submodules
+      return 0
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+apply_channel_or_keep() {
+  local ch="$1"
+  local tag=""
+
+  if [[ "$ch" == "keep" ]]; then
+    echo "[*] Keep current repository state (no checkout)."
+    VERSION="$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null || echo '0.0.0+git')"
+    VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  echo "[*] Resolving ${ch} tag from GitHub releases..."
+
+  case "$ch" in
+    latest)     tag="$(get_latest_tag_latest || true)" ;;
+    prerelease) tag="$(get_latest_tag_prerelease || true)" ;;
+    *)          die "Failed to resolve latest tag for channel '${ch}'." ;;
+  esac
+
+  [[ -n "$tag" ]] || die "Failed to resolve latest tag for channel '${ch}'."
+
+  echo "[*] Latest tag for '${ch}': ${tag}"
+  git_try_checkout "$tag" || die "Failed to checkout '${tag}'."
+  VERSION="${tag#v}"
+}
+
+resolve_version() {
+  if git rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" ]]; then
+      local clean_ver="${VERSION_ARG#v}"
+
+      if git_try_checkout "$clean_ver"; then
+        VERSION="$clean_ver"
+      else
+        echo "[WARN] Tag '${VERSION_ARG}' not found."
+        apply_channel_or_keep "$(choose_channel)"
+      fi
+    else
+      apply_channel_or_keep "$(choose_channel)"
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "Current directory is not a git repo; proceeding on current tree."
+    VERSION="${VERSION_ARG:-0.0.0}"
+  fi
+
+  VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
+  echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
+}
+
+xray_url_for_rid() {
+  local rid="$1"
+  local ver="$2"
+
+  case "$rid" in
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+singbox_url_for_rid() {
+  local rid="$1"
+  local ver="$2"
+
+  case "$rid" in
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-loong64.tar.gz" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+bundle_url_for_rid() {
+  local rid="$1"
+
+  case "$rid" in
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+download_xray() {
+  local outdir="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+  local ver="${XRAY_VER:-}"
+  local url=""
+  local tmp=""
+
+  mkdir -p "$outdir"
+
+  if [[ -z "$ver" ]]; then
+    ver="$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/latest \
+      | grep -Eo '"tag_name":\s*"v[^"]+"' \
+      | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/' \
+      | head -n1)" || true
+  fi
+
+  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[xray] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
+  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+
+  echo "[+] Download xray: $url"
+
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/xray.zip" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  unzip -q "$tmp/xray.zip" -d "$tmp" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  install -m 755 "$tmp/xray" "$outdir/xray" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+}
+
+download_singbox() {
+  local outdir="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+  local ver="${SING_VER:-}"
+  local url=""
+  local tmp=""
+  local bin=""
+  local cronet=""
+
+  mkdir -p "$outdir"
+
+  if [[ -z "$ver" ]]; then
+    ver="$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/latest \
+      | grep -Eo '"tag_name":\s*"v[^"]+"' \
+      | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/' \
+      | head -n1)" || true
+  fi
+
+  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[sing-box] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
+  url="$(singbox_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[sing-box] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+
+  echo "[+] Download sing-box: $url"
+
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  tar -C "$tmp" -xzf "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  bin="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'sing-box' | head -n1 || true)"
+  [[ -n "$bin" ]] || { echo "[!] sing-box unpack failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  install -m 755 "$bin" "$outdir/sing-box" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  cronet="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'libcronet*.so*' | head -n1 || true)"
+  [[ -n "$cronet" ]] && install -m 644 "$cronet" "$outdir/libcronet.so" || true
+
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+}
+
+unify_geo_layout() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local n
+  local names=(
+    geosite.dat
+    geoip.dat
+    geoip-only-cn-private.dat
+    Country.mmdb
+    geoip.metadb
+  )
+
+  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
+
+  for n in "${names[@]}"; do
+    if [[ -f "$outroot/bin/xray/$n" ]]; then
+      mv -f "$outroot/bin/xray/$n" "$outroot/bin/$n"
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+download_geo_assets() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local bin_dir="$outroot/bin"
+  local srss_dir="$bin_dir/srss"
+  local f=""
+
+  mkdir -p "$bin_dir" "$srss_dir"
+
+  echo "[+] Download Xray Geo to ${bin_dir}"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geosite.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geosite.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip-only-cn-private.dat" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/geoip-only-cn-private.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/Country.mmdb" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/Country.mmdb"
+
+  echo "[+] Download sing-box rule DB & rule-sets"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.metadb" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.metadb"
+
+  for f in geoip-private.srs geoip-cn.srs geoip-facebook.srs geoip-fastly.srs geoip-google.srs geoip-netflix.srs geoip-telegram.srs geoip-twitter.srs; do
+    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geoip/$f"
+  done
+
+  for f in geosite-cn.srs geosite-gfw.srs geosite-google.srs geosite-greatfire.srs geosite-geolocation-cn.srs geosite-category-ads-all.srs geosite-private.srs; do
+    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geosite/$f"
+  done
+
+  unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
+}
+
+populate_assets_zip_mode() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+  local url=""
+  local tmp=""
+  local nested_dir=""
+
+  url="$(bundle_url_for_rid "$rid")" || { echo "[!] Bundle unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+
+  echo "[+] Try v2rayN bundle archive: $url"
+
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" || { echo "[!] Bundle download failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  unzip -q "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" -d "$tmp" || { echo "[!] Bundle unzip failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  if [[ -d "$tmp/bin" ]]; then
+    mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
+    rsync -a "$tmp/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
+  else
+    rsync -a "$tmp/" "$outroot/"
+  fi
+
+  rm -f "$outroot/v2rayn.zip" 2>/dev/null || true
+  find "$outroot" -type d -name "mihomo" -prune -exec rm -rf {} + 2>/dev/null || true
+
+  nested_dir="$(find "$outroot" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'v2rayN-linux-*' | head -n1 || true)"
+  if [[ -n "$nested_dir" && -d "$nested_dir/bin" ]]; then
+    mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
+    rsync -a "$nested_dir/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
+    rm -rf "$nested_dir"
+  fi
+
+  unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+
+  echo "[+] Bundle extracted to $outroot"
+}
+
+populate_assets_netcore_mode() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+
+  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
+
+  if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "xray" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
+    download_xray "$outroot/bin/xray" "$rid" || echo "[!] xray download failed (skipped)"
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "sing-box" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
+    download_singbox "$outroot/bin/sing_box" "$rid" || echo "[!] sing-box download failed (skipped)"
+  fi
+
+  download_geo_assets "$outroot" || echo "[!] Geo rules download failed (skipped)"
+}
+
+stage_runtime_assets() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+
+  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
+
+  if [[ "$FORCE_NETCORE" -eq 0 ]]; then
+    if populate_assets_zip_mode "$outroot" "$rid"; then
+      echo "[*] Using v2rayN bundle archive."
+    else
+      echo "[*] Bundle failed, fallback to separate core + rules."
+      populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "[*] --netcore specified: use separate core + rules."
+    populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
+  fi
+}
+
+describe_target() {
+  local short="$1"
+
+  case "$short" in
+    loongarch64) printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-loongarch64" "loong64" ;;
+    *)           echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use loongarch64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+publish_binary() {
+  local rid="$1"
+
+  dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
+  rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
+  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
+  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
+}
+
+write_launcher_file() {
+  local stage="$1"
+
+  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$stage/usr/bin/v2rayn" <<'EOF'
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+DIR="/opt/v2rayN"
+cd "$DIR"
+
+if [[ -x "$DIR/v2rayN" ]]; then
+  exec "$DIR/v2rayN" "$@"
+fi
+
+for dll in v2rayN.Desktop.dll v2rayN.dll; do
+  if [[ -f "$DIR/$dll" ]]; then
+    exec /usr/bin/dotnet "$DIR/$dll" "$@"
+  fi
+done
+
+echo "v2rayN launcher: no executable found in $DIR" >&2
+ls -l "$DIR" >&2 || true
+exit 1
+EOF
+}
+
+write_desktop_file() {
+  local stage="$1"
+
+  install -m 644 /dev/stdin "$stage/usr/share/applications/v2rayn.desktop" <<'EOF'
+[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Name=v2rayN
+Comment=v2rayN for Debian GNU Linux
+Exec=v2rayn
+Icon=v2rayn
+Terminal=false
+Categories=Network;
+EOF
+}
+
+write_maintainer_scripts() {
+  local debian_dir="$1"
+
+  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$debian_dir/postinst" <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+set -e
+update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+fi
+exit 0
+EOF
+
+  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$debian_dir/postrm" <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+set -e
+update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+fi
+exit 0
+EOF
+}
+
+package_binary() {
+  local short="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+  local deb_arch="$3"
+  local pubdir=""
+  local workdir=""
+  local stage=""
+  local debian_dir=""
+  local project_dir=""
+  local icon_candidate=""
+  local shlibs_depends=""
+  local extra_depends=""
+  local final_depends=""
+  local multiarch=""
+  local sys_libdir=""
+  local sys_usrlibdir=""
+  local deb_out=""
+
+  pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0/${rid}/publish"
+  [[ -d "$pubdir" ]] || { echo "Publish directory not found: $pubdir"; return 1; }
+
+  workdir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  trap '[[ -n "${workdir:-}" ]] && rm -rf "$workdir"' RETURN
+
+  stage="$workdir/${PKGROOT}_${VERSION}_${deb_arch}"
+  debian_dir="$stage/DEBIAN"
+
+  mkdir -p "$stage/opt/v2rayN" "$stage/usr/bin" "$stage/usr/share/applications" "$stage/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps" "$debian_dir"
+  cp -a "$pubdir/." "$stage/opt/v2rayN/"
+
+  project_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$PROJECT")" && pwd)"
+  icon_candidate="$project_dir/v2rayN.png"
+  [[ -f "$icon_candidate" ]] && cp "$icon_candidate" "$stage/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/v2rayn.png" || true
+
+  stage_runtime_assets "$stage/opt/v2rayN" "$rid"
+  write_launcher_file "$stage"
+  write_desktop_file "$stage"
+  write_maintainer_scripts "$debian_dir"
+
+  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.34), fontconfig (>= 2.13.1), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 8.32), bash (>= 5.1), libfreetype6 (>= 2.11)"
+
+  mkdir -p "$workdir/debian"
+  cat > "$workdir/debian/control" <<EOF
+Source: v2rayn
+Section: net
+Priority: optional
+Maintainer: 2dust <noreply@github.com>
+Standards-Version: 4.7.0
+
+Package: v2rayn
+Architecture: ${deb_arch}
+Description: v2rayN
+EOF
+
+  multiarch="$(dpkg-architecture -a"$deb_arch" -qDEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)"
+  sys_libdir="/lib/$multiarch"
+  sys_usrlibdir="/usr/lib/$multiarch"
+
+  : > "$debian_dir/substvars"
+
+  mapfile -t ELF_FILES < <(
+    find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type f \( -name "*.so*" -o -perm -111 \) ! -name 'libcoreclrtraceptprovider.so'
+  )
+
+  if [[ "${#ELF_FILES[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
+    (
+      cd "$workdir"
+      dpkg-shlibdeps \
+        -l"$stage/opt/v2rayN" \
+        -l"$sys_libdir" \
+        -l"$sys_usrlibdir" \
+        -T"$debian_dir/substvars" \
+        "${ELF_FILES[@]}"
+    ) >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+  fi
+
+  shlibs_depends="$(sed -n 's/^shlibs:Depends=//p' "$debian_dir/substvars" | head -n1 || true)"
+
+  if [[ -n "$shlibs_depends" ]]; then
+    shlibs_depends="$(echo "$shlibs_depends" \
+      | sed -E 's/ *\([^)]*\)//g' \
+      | sed -E 's/ *, */, /g' \
+      | sed -E 's/^, *//; s/, *$//')"
+    final_depends="${shlibs_depends}, ${extra_depends}"
+  else
+    final_depends="${extra_depends}"
+  fi
+
+  cat > "$debian_dir/control" <<EOF
+Package: v2rayn
+Version: ${VERSION}
+Architecture: ${deb_arch}
+Maintainer: 2dust <noreply@github.com>
+Homepage: https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
+Section: net
+Priority: optional
+Depends: ${final_depends}
+Description: v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
+ Support vless / vmess / Trojan / http / socks / Anytls / Hysteria2 /
+ Shadowsocks / tuic / WireGuard.
+EOF
+
+  find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} +
+  find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
+  [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" ]] && chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" || true
+
+  deb_out="$OUTPUT_DIR/v2rayn_${VERSION}_${deb_arch}.deb"
+  dpkg-deb --root-owner-group --build "$stage" "$deb_out"
+
+  echo "Build done for $short. DEB at:"
+  echo "  $deb_out"
+  BUILT_DEBS+=("$deb_out")
+}
+
+select_targets() {
+  printf '%s\n' loongarch64
+}
+
+build_one_target() {
+  local short="$1"
+  local meta=()
+  local rid=""
+  local deb_arch=""
+
+  mapfile -t meta < <(describe_target "$short") || return 1
+  rid="${meta[0]}"
+  deb_arch="${meta[1]}"
+
+  echo "[*] Building for target: $short  (RID=$rid, DEB arch=$deb_arch)"
+  publish_binary "$rid"
+  package_binary "$short" "$rid" "$deb_arch"
+}
+
+print_summary() {
+  local pkg=""
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "================ Build Summary ================="
+  if [[ "${#BUILT_DEBS[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
+    echo "Output directory: $OUTPUT_DIR"
+    for pkg in "${BUILT_DEBS[@]}"; do
+      echo "$pkg"
+    done
+  else
+    echo "No DEBs detected in summary (check build logs above)."
+  fi
+  echo "==============================================="
+}
+
+main() {
+  local targets=()
+  local arch=""
+
+  parse_args "$@"
+  detect_environment
+  install_dependencies
+  prepare_workspace
+  resolve_version
+
+  mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
+
+  for arch in "${targets[@]}"; do
+    build_one_target "$arch"
+  done
+
+  print_summary
+}
+
+main "$@"
diff --git a/package-debian-riscv.sh b/package-debian-riscv.sh
index bcdde11f..e9fcb628 100644
--- a/package-debian-riscv.sh
+++ b/package-debian-riscv.sh
@@ -12,13 +12,10 @@ MIN_KERNEL="5.10"
 PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 OUTPUT_DIR="${HOME}/debbuild"
-DOTNET_TFM="net10.0"
 DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="10.0.108"
 DOTNET_RISCV_BASE="https://github.com/xujiegb/dotnet-riscv/releases/download"
 DOTNET_RISCV_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz"
 DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE}/${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}/${DOTNET_RISCV_FILE}"
-SKIA_VER="${SKIA_VER:-3.119.2}"
-HARFBUZZ_VER="${HARFBUZZ_VER:-8.3.1.3}"
 
 OS_ID=""
 OS_NAME=""
@@ -27,7 +24,6 @@ HOST_ARCH=""
 SCRIPT_DIR=""
 PROJECT=""
 VERSION=""
-BUILT_ALL=0
 
 declare -a BUILT_DEBS=()
 
@@ -261,70 +257,6 @@ resolve_version() {
   echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
 }
 
-apply_riscv_patch() {
-  local f=""
-
-  find . -type f \( -name "*.csproj" -o -name "*.props" -o -name "*.targets" \) \
-    -exec sed -Ei 's#<TargetFramework>[^<]+</TargetFramework>#<TargetFramework>'"$DOTNET_TFM"'</TargetFramework>#g' {} +
-
-  while IFS= read -r -d '' f; do
-    sed -i \
-      -e "s#<PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp\" Version=\"[^\"]*\" */>#<PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp\" Version=\"$SKIA_VER\" />#g" \
-      -e "s#<PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"[^\"]*\" */>#<PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"$SKIA_VER\" />#g" \
-      -e "s#<PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp\" Version=\"[^\"]*\" */>#<PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp\" Version=\"$HARFBUZZ_VER\" />#g" \
-      -e "s#<PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"[^\"]*\" */>#<PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"$HARFBUZZ_VER\" />#g" \
-      "$f"
-
-    grep -q 'PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp"' "$f" || \
-      sed -i "/<\/ItemGroup>/i\    <PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp\" Version=\"$SKIA_VER\" />" "$f"
-
-    grep -q 'PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux"' "$f" || \
-      sed -i "/<\/ItemGroup>/i\    <PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"$SKIA_VER\" />" "$f"
-
-    grep -q 'PackageVersion Include="HarfBuzzSharp"' "$f" || \
-      sed -i "/<\/ItemGroup>/i\    <PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp\" Version=\"$HARFBUZZ_VER\" />" "$f"
-
-    grep -q 'PackageVersion Include="HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux"' "$f" || \
-      sed -i "/<\/ItemGroup>/i\    <PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"$HARFBUZZ_VER\" />" "$f"
-  done < <(find . -type f -name 'Directory.Packages.props' -print0)
-
-  f="$(find "$DOTNET_ROOT/sdk/$(dotnet --version)" -type f -name 'Microsoft.NETCoreSdk.BundledVersions.props' | head -n1 || true)"
-  if [[ -f "$f" ]] && ! grep -q 'linux-riscv64' "$f"; then
-    sed -i \
-      -e 's/linux-arm64/&;linux-riscv64/g' \
-      -e 's/linux-musl-arm64/&;linux-musl-riscv64/g' \
-      "$f"
-  fi
-}
-
-copy_skiasharp_native_riscv64() {
-  local outdir="$1"
-  local skia_so=""
-  local harfbuzz_so=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$outdir"
-
-  skia_so="$(find "$HOME/.nuget/packages" -path "*/skiasharp.nativeassets.linux/${SKIA_VER}/runtimes/linux-riscv64/native/libSkiaSharp.so" | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$skia_so" ]] || skia_so="$(find "$HOME/.nuget/packages" -path "*/runtimes/linux-riscv64/native/libSkiaSharp.so" | head -n1 || true)"
-
-  harfbuzz_so="$(find "$HOME/.nuget/packages" -path "*/harfbuzzsharp.nativeassets.linux/${HARFBUZZ_VER}/runtimes/linux-riscv64/native/libHarfBuzzSharp.so" | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$harfbuzz_so" ]] || harfbuzz_so="$(find "$HOME/.nuget/packages" -path "*/runtimes/linux-riscv64/native/libHarfBuzzSharp.so" | head -n1 || true)"
-
-  if [[ -n "$skia_so" && -f "$skia_so" ]]; then
-    echo "[+] Copy libSkiaSharp.so from NuGet cache"
-    install -m 755 "$skia_so" "$outdir/libSkiaSharp.so"
-  else
-    echo "[WARN] libSkiaSharp.so for linux-riscv64 not found in NuGet cache"
-  fi
-
-  if [[ -n "$harfbuzz_so" && -f "$harfbuzz_so" ]]; then
-    echo "[+] Copy libHarfBuzzSharp.so from NuGet cache"
-    install -m 755 "$harfbuzz_so" "$outdir/libHarfBuzzSharp.so"
-  else
-    echo "[WARN] libHarfBuzzSharp.so for linux-riscv64 not found in NuGet cache"
-  fi
-}
-
 xray_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
   local ver="$2"
@@ -554,10 +486,10 @@ describe_target() {
 publish_binary() {
   local rid="$1"
 
-  dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release -p:TargetFramework="$DOTNET_TFM"
-  rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/${DOTNET_TFM}" || true
-  dotnet restore "$PROJECT" -r "$rid" -p:TargetFramework="$DOTNET_TFM"
-  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:TargetFramework="$DOTNET_TFM" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
+  dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
+  rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
+  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
+  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
 }
 
 write_launcher_file() {
@@ -567,7 +499,6 @@ write_launcher_file() {
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -euo pipefail
 DIR="/opt/v2rayN"
-export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$DIR:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}"
 cd "$DIR"
 
 if [[ -x "$DIR/v2rayN" ]]; then
@@ -643,7 +574,7 @@ package_binary() {
   local sys_usrlibdir=""
   local deb_out=""
 
-  pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/${DOTNET_TFM}/${rid}/publish"
+  pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0/${rid}/publish"
   [[ -d "$pubdir" ]] || { echo "Publish directory not found: $pubdir"; return 1; }
 
   workdir="$(mktemp -d)"
@@ -655,8 +586,6 @@ package_binary() {
   mkdir -p "$stage/opt/v2rayN" "$stage/usr/bin" "$stage/usr/share/applications" "$stage/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps" "$debian_dir"
   cp -a "$pubdir/." "$stage/opt/v2rayN/"
 
-  copy_skiasharp_native_riscv64 "$stage/opt/v2rayN" || echo "[!] SkiaSharp native copy failed (skipped)"
-
   project_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$PROJECT")" && pwd)"
   icon_candidate="$project_dir/v2rayN.png"
   [[ -f "$icon_candidate" ]] && cp "$icon_candidate" "$stage/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/v2rayn.png" || true
@@ -732,9 +661,7 @@ EOF
   find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} +
   find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
   [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" ]] && chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" || true
-  [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/libSkiaSharp.so" ]] && chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/libSkiaSharp.so" || true
-  [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/libHarfBuzzSharp.so" ]] && chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/libHarfBuzzSharp.so" || true
-  
+
   deb_out="$OUTPUT_DIR/v2rayn_${VERSION}_${deb_arch}.deb"
   dpkg-deb --root-owner-group --build "$stage" "$deb_out"
 
@@ -787,7 +714,6 @@ main() {
   install_dependencies
   prepare_workspace
   resolve_version
-  apply_riscv_patch
 
   mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
 
diff --git a/package-rhel-riscv.sh b/package-rhel-riscv.sh
index d1137f76..9c4fa03f 100644
--- a/package-rhel-riscv.sh
+++ b/package-rhel-riscv.sh
@@ -12,13 +12,10 @@ MIN_KERNEL="5.10"
 PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 RPM_TOPDIR="${HOME}/rpmbuild"
-DOTNET_TFM="net10.0"
 DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="10.0.108"
 DOTNET_RISCV_BASE="https://github.com/xujiegb/dotnet-riscv/releases/download"
 DOTNET_RISCV_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz"
 DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE}/${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}/${DOTNET_RISCV_FILE}"
-SKIA_VER="${SKIA_VER:-3.119.2}"
-HARFBUZZ_VER="${HARFBUZZ_VER:-8.3.1.3}"
 
 OS_ID=""
 OS_NAME=""
@@ -27,7 +24,6 @@ HOST_ARCH=""
 SCRIPT_DIR=""
 PROJECT=""
 VERSION=""
-BUILT_ALL=0
 
 declare -a BUILT_RPMS=()
 
@@ -258,70 +254,6 @@ resolve_version() {
   echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
 }
 
-apply_riscv_patch() {
-  local f=""
-
-  find . -type f \( -name "*.csproj" -o -name "*.props" -o -name "*.targets" \) \
-    -exec sed -Ei 's#<TargetFramework>[^<]+</TargetFramework>#<TargetFramework>'"$DOTNET_TFM"'</TargetFramework>#g' {} +
-
-  while IFS= read -r -d '' f; do
-    sed -i \
-      -e "s#<PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp\" Version=\"[^\"]*\" */>#<PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp\" Version=\"$SKIA_VER\" />#g" \
-      -e "s#<PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"[^\"]*\" */>#<PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"$SKIA_VER\" />#g" \
-      -e "s#<PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp\" Version=\"[^\"]*\" */>#<PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp\" Version=\"$HARFBUZZ_VER\" />#g" \
-      -e "s#<PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"[^\"]*\" */>#<PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"$HARFBUZZ_VER\" />#g" \
-      "$f"
-
-    grep -q 'PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp"' "$f" || \
-      sed -i "/<\/ItemGroup>/i\    <PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp\" Version=\"$SKIA_VER\" />" "$f"
-
-    grep -q 'PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux"' "$f" || \
-      sed -i "/<\/ItemGroup>/i\    <PackageVersion Include=\"SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"$SKIA_VER\" />" "$f"
-
-    grep -q 'PackageVersion Include="HarfBuzzSharp"' "$f" || \
-      sed -i "/<\/ItemGroup>/i\    <PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp\" Version=\"$HARFBUZZ_VER\" />" "$f"
-
-    grep -q 'PackageVersion Include="HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux"' "$f" || \
-      sed -i "/<\/ItemGroup>/i\    <PackageVersion Include=\"HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux\" Version=\"$HARFBUZZ_VER\" />" "$f"
-  done < <(find . -type f -name 'Directory.Packages.props' -print0)
-
-  f="$(find "$DOTNET_ROOT/sdk/$(dotnet --version)" -type f -name 'Microsoft.NETCoreSdk.BundledVersions.props' | head -n1 || true)"
-  if [[ -f "$f" ]] && ! grep -q 'linux-riscv64' "$f"; then
-    sed -i \
-      -e 's/linux-arm64/&;linux-riscv64/g' \
-      -e 's/linux-musl-arm64/&;linux-musl-riscv64/g' \
-      "$f"
-  fi
-}
-
-copy_skiasharp_native_riscv64() {
-  local outdir="$1"
-  local skia_so=""
-  local harfbuzz_so=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$outdir"
-
-  skia_so="$(find "$HOME/.nuget/packages" -path "*/skiasharp.nativeassets.linux/${SKIA_VER}/runtimes/linux-riscv64/native/libSkiaSharp.so" | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$skia_so" ]] || skia_so="$(find "$HOME/.nuget/packages" -path "*/runtimes/linux-riscv64/native/libSkiaSharp.so" | head -n1 || true)"
-
-  harfbuzz_so="$(find "$HOME/.nuget/packages" -path "*/harfbuzzsharp.nativeassets.linux/${HARFBUZZ_VER}/runtimes/linux-riscv64/native/libHarfBuzzSharp.so" | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$harfbuzz_so" ]] || harfbuzz_so="$(find "$HOME/.nuget/packages" -path "*/runtimes/linux-riscv64/native/libHarfBuzzSharp.so" | head -n1 || true)"
-
-  if [[ -n "$skia_so" && -f "$skia_so" ]]; then
-    echo "[+] Copy libSkiaSharp.so from NuGet cache"
-    install -m 755 "$skia_so" "$outdir/libSkiaSharp.so"
-  else
-    echo "[WARN] libSkiaSharp.so for linux-riscv64 not found in NuGet cache"
-  fi
-
-  if [[ -n "$harfbuzz_so" && -f "$harfbuzz_so" ]]; then
-    echo "[+] Copy libHarfBuzzSharp.so from NuGet cache"
-    install -m 755 "$harfbuzz_so" "$outdir/libHarfBuzzSharp.so"
-  else
-    echo "[WARN] libHarfBuzzSharp.so for linux-riscv64 not found in NuGet cache"
-  fi
-}
-
 xray_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
   local ver="$2"
@@ -551,10 +483,10 @@ describe_target() {
 publish_binary() {
   local rid="$1"
 
-  dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release -p:TargetFramework="$DOTNET_TFM"
-  rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/${DOTNET_TFM}" || true
-  dotnet restore "$PROJECT" -r "$rid" -p:TargetFramework="$DOTNET_TFM"
-  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:TargetFramework="$DOTNET_TFM" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
+  dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
+  rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
+  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
+  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
 }
 
 write_spec_file() {
@@ -604,15 +536,12 @@ cp -a * %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/
 find %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} +
 find %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
 [ -f %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN ] && chmod 0755 %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN || :
-[ -f %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/libSkiaSharp.so ] && chmod 0755 %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/libSkiaSharp.so || :
-[ -f %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/libHarfBuzzSharp.so ] && chmod 0755 %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/libHarfBuzzSharp.so || :
 
 install -dm0755 %{buildroot}%{_bindir}
 install -m0755 /dev/stdin %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/v2rayn << 'EOF'
 #!/usr/bin/bash
 set -euo pipefail
 DIR="/opt/v2rayN"
-export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$DIR:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}"
 
 if [[ -x "$DIR/v2rayN" ]]; then exec "$DIR/v2rayN" "$@"; fi
 
@@ -673,7 +602,7 @@ package_binary() {
   local icon_candidate=""
   local f=""
 
-  pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/${DOTNET_TFM}/${rid}/publish"
+  pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0/${rid}/publish"
   [[ -d "$pubdir" ]] || { echo "Publish directory not found: $pubdir"; return 1; }
 
   workdir="$(mktemp -d)"
@@ -682,8 +611,6 @@ package_binary() {
   mkdir -p "$workdir/$PKGROOT"
   cp -a "$pubdir/." "$workdir/$PKGROOT/"
 
-  copy_skiasharp_native_riscv64 "$workdir/$PKGROOT" || echo "[!] SkiaSharp native copy failed (skipped)"
-
   project_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$PROJECT")" && pwd)"
   icon_candidate="$project_dir/v2rayN.png"
   [[ -f "$icon_candidate" ]] || { echo "Required icon not found: $icon_candidate"; return 1; }
@@ -755,7 +682,6 @@ main() {
   install_dependencies
   prepare_workspace
   resolve_version
-  apply_riscv_patch
 
   mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
 
diff --git a/v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props b/v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props
index ed4c1989..a136d4d7 100644
--- a/v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props
+++ b/v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@
         <PackageVersion Include="xunit.v3" Version="3.2.2" />
         <PackageVersion Include="YamlDotNet" Version="17.1.0" />
         <PackageVersion Include="ZXing.Net.Bindings.SkiaSharp" Version="0.16.22" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux" Version="3.119.1" />
+        <PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux" Version="3.119.4-preview.1.1" />
     </ItemGroup>
 </Project>