fix: click_channel decrease buffer size and processor batch size

- return tuple directly from the block
- avoid to parse remote_address in the main thread
- avoid to replace headers, add only
- avoid separate variables for one-single use

.dockerignore

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 .git
 /bin/
 /.shards/
-/bruno/
 /spec/
 /sqlite/
+
+/docs/
+benchmark.cr
+.env*

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Publish Docker image
+name: Publish Docker images
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -8,43 +8,77 @@ on:
     types: [published]
 
 jobs:
-  push_to_registry:
+  build-platforms:
-    name: Push Docker image to Docker Hub
+    name: Build Platforms
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        platform: [linux/amd64, linux/arm64]
     permissions:
-      packages: write
       contents: read
-      attestations: write
+      packages: write
-      id-token: write
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Set up QEMU
+
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Extract version tag
+
-        id: extract_tag
+      - name: Determine version
-        if: github.event_name == 'release'
+        id: version
-        run: echo "RELEASE_TAG=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        run: |
-      - name: Build and push image
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "release" ]; then
-        id: push
+            echo "version=${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5.0.0
+          else
+            echo "version=latest" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
+      - name: Build and push platform image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        env:
+          CRYSTAL_WORKERS: ${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 4 || 2 }}
         with:
           context: .
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
           push: true
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
           tags: |
-            sjdonado/url-shortener:latest
+            sjdonado/bit:${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'amd64' || 'arm64' }}
-            ${{ github.event_name == 'release' && 'sjdonado/url-shortener:${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}' || '' }}
+          build-args: |
-      - name: Attest
+            TARGETARCH=${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'amd64' || 'arm64' }}
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v1
+          cache-from: type=gha
-        id: attest
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+
+  create-manifest:
+    name: Create Manifest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: build-platforms
+    permissions:
+      packages: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
-          subject-name: sjdonado/url-shortener
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.push.outputs.digest }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Determine version
+        id: version
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "release" ]; then
+            echo "version=${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "version=latest" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
+      - name: Create manifest
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools create \
+            -t sjdonado/bit:${{ steps.version.outputs.version }} \
+            sjdonado/bit:${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}-{amd64,arm64}

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-/docs/
 /lib/
 /bin/
 /.shards/
@@ -7,3 +6,5 @@
 
 /sqlite/
 .env.production
+
+resource_usage.*

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
+community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity
+and orientation.
+
+We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
+diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
+community include:
+
+* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+* Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+* Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
+  and learning from the experience
+* Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the
+  overall community
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or
+  advances of any kind
+* Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email
+  address, without their explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+  professional setting
+
+## Enforcement Responsibilities
+
+Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
+acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
+or harmful.
+
+Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
+comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
+not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
+decisions when appropriate.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
+an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
+Examples of representing our community include using an official email address,
+posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
+[INSERT CONTACT METHOD].
+All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
+reporter of any incident.
+
+## Enforcement Guidelines
+
+Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
+the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
+
+### 1. Correction
+
+**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
+unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
+
+**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
+clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
+behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
+
+### 2. Warning
+
+**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series
+of actions.
+
+**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
+interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
+those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
+includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
+like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or
+permanent ban.
+
+### 3. Temporary Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
+sustained inappropriate behavior.
+
+**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
+communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
+private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
+with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
+Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
+
+### 4. Permanent Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
+standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior,  harassment of an
+individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
+
+**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within
+the community.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
+version 2.0, available at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html][v2.0].
+
+Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by 
+[Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][Mozilla CoC].
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][FAQ]. Translations are available 
+at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].
+
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+[v2.0]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html
+[Mozilla CoC]: https://github.com/mozilla/diversity
+[FAQ]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
+[translations]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Contributing Guidelines
+
+We welcome contributions from the community! Please follow these guidelines to help maintain consistency and quality in the project.
+
+## Code of Conduct
+This project adheres to the [Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md). By participating, you agree to uphold its terms.
+
+## How to Contribute
+
+### 1. Fork the Repository
+Click the "Fork" button at the top-right of the [repository page](https://github.com/sjdonado/bit).
+
+### 2. Clone Your Fork
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/bit.git
+cd bit
+```
+
+### 3. Create a Feature Branch
+```bash
+git checkout -b feat/your-feature-name
+```
+
+### or for bug fixes:
+
+```bash
+git checkout -b fix/issue-description
+```
+
+### 4. Develop Your Changes
+- Check [Local Development](docs/SETUP.md#local-development) guidelines
+- Ensure changes match the project scope
+- Write clear commit messages
+- Include tests for new functionality
+- Update documentation when applicable
+
+### 5. Commit Changes
+```bash
+git commit -am 'Add descriptive commit message'
+```
+
+### 6. Push to GitHub
+```bash
+git push origin your-branch-name
+```
+
+### 7. Create a Pull Request
+1. Go to the [original repository](https://github.com/sjdonado/bit)
+2. Click "New Pull Request"
+3. Select your fork and branch
+4. Add a clear description including:
+   - Purpose of changes
+   - Related issues (if applicable)
+   - Testing performed
+
+## Pull Request Guidelines
+- Keep PRs focused on a single feature/bugfix
+- Ensure all tests pass
+- Update documentation in the same PR
+- Use descriptive titles (e.g., "Add URL validation" not "Update code")
+- Reference related issues using #issue-number
+
+## Reporting Issues
+When opening an issue, please include:
+1. Description of the problem
+2. Steps to reproduce
+3. Expected vs actual behavior
+4. Environment details (OS, Crystal version, etc)
+
+For feature requests:
+- Explain the problem you're trying to solve
+- Suggest potential implementations
+
+## License
+By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under the [license](LICENSE).

Dockerfile

@@ -1,19 +1,47 @@
-FROM alpine:edge as base
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim AS build
+
+ARG TARGETARCH
+ENV ENV=production
 WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 
-RUN apk add crystal shards sqlite-dev openssl-dev
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    curl \
+    gnupg \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
+    && curl -fsSL https://packagecloud.io/84codes/crystal/gpgkey | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/84codes_crystal.gpg \
+    && echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/84codes_crystal.gpg] https://packagecloud.io/84codes/crystal/debian/ bookworm main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/84codes_crystal.list
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    crystal \
+    libssl-dev \
+    libyaml-dev \
+    libsqlite3-dev \
+    libevent-dev \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN shards install --production
+RUN shards build --release --no-debug --progress --stats
+
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim AS runtime
 
-FROM base AS build
 ENV ENV=production
-COPY . . 
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 
-RUN shards install
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
-RUN shards build --progress
+    libssl3 \
+    libyaml-0-2 \
+    sqlite3 \
+    libevent-2.1-7 \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+RUN mkdir -p sqlite
 
-FROM base AS release
-RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/app/sqlite
 COPY --from=build /usr/src/app/db db
+COPY --from=build /usr/src/app/data data
 COPY --from=build /usr/src/app/bin /usr/local/bin
 
 EXPOSE 4000/tcp
-CMD ["url-shortener"]
+CMD ["bit"]

README.md

@@ -1,138 +1,30 @@
-# url-shortener
+[![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/sjdonado/bit.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/sjdonado/bit)
-> Lightning fast, lightweight and minimal self-hosted url shortener
+[![Docker Stars](https://img.shields.io/docker/stars/sjdonado/bit.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/sjdonado/bit)
+[![Docker Image Size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/sjdonado/bit/latest)](https://hub.docker.com/r/sjdonado/bit)
 
-## Benchmark
+Lightweight URL shortener (API-only) with minimal resource requirements. Avg memory consumption under pressure is around **60MiB**, CPU single core consumption 60%.
-```shell
-./benchmark.sh
-Semaphore initialized with 2666 slots.
-Setup...
-[+] Running 1/0
- ✔ Container url-shortener-app-1  Running                                                                                                                                                                                   0.0s
-2024-05-20T16:39:53.818306Z   INFO - micrate: No migrations to run. current version: 20240513130054
-Captured API Key: 4y2mblZDneZLcI-YywHGFA
-Waiting for database to be ready...
-Creating 1000 short links...
-Created short link 100/1000
-Created short link 200/1000
-Created short link 300/1000
-Created short link 400/1000
-Created short link 500/1000
-Created short link 600/1000
-Created short link 700/1000
-Created short link 800/1000
-Created short link 900/1000
-Created short link 1000/1000
-Accessing each link 10 times concurrently...
-****Results****
-Average Memory Usage: 11.00 MiB
-Average Response Time: 5.28 µs
-[+] Running 2/2
- ✔ Container url-shortener-app-1  Removed                                                                                                                                                                                  10.2s
- ✔ Network url-shortener_default  Removed
-```
 
-## Self-hosted
+Highly performant: 6K+ reqs/sec, latency 20ms (100000 requests using 125 connections, [benchmark](docs/SETUP.md#benchmark)).
 
-- Run via docker-compose
+Self-hosted: [Dokku](docs/SETUP.md#dokku), [Docker Compose](docs/SETUP.md#docker-compose).
-```bash
-docker-compose up
 
-docker-compose exec -it app migrate
+Images available on [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/sjdonado/bit/tags).
-docker-compose exec -it app cli --create-user=Admin
-```
 
-- Run via docker cli
+## Why bit?
-```bash
+It is feature-complete by design: simple and reliable without unnecessary bloat. Bug fixes will continue, but new features aren't planned.
-docker run \
-    --name url-shortener \
-    -p 4000:4000 \
-    -e ENV="production" \
-    -e DATABASE_URL="sqlite3://./sqlite/data.db?journal_mode=wal&synchronous=normal&foreign_keys=true" \
-    -e APP_URL="http://localhost:4000" \
-    sjdonado/url-shortener
 
-docker exec -it url-shortener migrate
+- Minimal tracking setup: Country, browser, OS, referer. No cookies or persistent tracking mechanisms are used beyond what's available from a basic client's request.
-docker exec -it url-shortener cli --create-user=Admin
+- Provides standard `X-Forwarded-For` header support to enable extended capabilities.
-```
+- Multiple users are supported via API key authentication. Users can create, list and delete keys via the [CLI](docs/SETUP.md#cli).
 
-- Dokku
+## Minimum Requirements
-```dockerfile
+- 100MB disk space
-FROM sjdonado/url-shortener
+- 70MiB RAM
-```
+- x86_64 or ARM64
 
-```bash
+## Documentation
-dokku apps:create url-shortener
+- [API Reference](docs/API.md)
-
+- [Setup](docs/SETUP.md)
-dokku domains:set url-shortener bit.donado.co 
-dokku letsencrypt:enable url-shortener
-
-dokku storage:ensure-directory url-shortener-sqlite
-dokku storage:mount url-shortener /var/lib/dokku/data/storage/url-shortener-sqlite:/usr/src/app/sqlite/
-
-dokku config:set url-shortener DATABASE_URL="sqlite3://./sqlite/data.db?journal_mode=wal&synchronous=normal&foreign_keys=true" APP_URL=https://bit.donado.co
-
-dokku ports:add url-shortener http:80:4000
-dokku ports:add url-shortener https:443:4000
-
-dokku run url-shortener migrate
-dokku run url-shortener cli --create-user=Admin
-```
-
-## Usage
-
-**REST API**
-
-| Endpoint | HTTP Method | Description | Payload |
-|----------|-------------|-------------|---------|
-| `/api/ping` | GET | Ping the API to check if it's running | - |
-| `/:slug` | GET | Retrieve a link by its slug | - |
-| `/api/links` | GET | Retrieve all links | - |
-| `/api/links` | POST | Create a new link | `{"url": "https://example.com"}` |
-| `/api/links/:id` | PUT | Update an existing link by its ID | `{"url": "https://newexample.com"}` |
-| `/api/links/:id` | DELETE | Delete a link by its ID | - |
-
-**CLI**
-```
-Usage: ./cli [options]
-Options:
-  --create-user=NAME  Create a new user with the given name
-  --list-users        List all users
-  --delete-user=USER_ID Delete a user by ID
-```
-
-## Development
-
-**Installation**
-
-```bash
-brew tap amberframework/micrate
-brew install micrate
-```
-
-```bash
-shards run migrate
-shards run url-shortener
-```
-
-**Generate the `X-Api-Key`**
-
-```bash
-shards run cli -- --create-user=Admin
-```
-
-## Run tests
-```bash
-ENV=test crystal spec
-```
 
 ## Contributing
-
+Found an issue or have a suggestion? Please follow our [contribution guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md).
-1. Fork it (<https://github.com/sjdonado/url-shortener/fork>)
-2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
-3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
-4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
-5. Create a new Pull Request
-
-## Contributors
-
-- [sjdonado](https://github.com/sjdonado) - creator and maintainer

app/config/env.cr

@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
+require "log"
+
 ENV["ENV"] ||= "development"
+ENV["APP_URL"] ||= "http://localhost:4000"
+ENV["DATABASE_URL"] ||= "sqlite3://./sqlite/data.db?journal_mode=wal&synchronous=normal&foreign_keys=true
+"
 
 {% if env("ENV") != "production" %}
   require "dotenv"
   Dotenv.load ".env.#{ENV["ENV"]}" # File must exist in non-production!
 {% end %}
+
+{% if env("ENV") == "production" %}
+  Log.setup(:error)
+{% end %}

app/config/kemal.cr

@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@ require "kemal"
 Kemal.config.env = ENV["ENV"]? || "development"
 Kemal.config.port = ENV["PORT"]?.try(&.to_i) || 4000
 Kemal.config.host_binding = ENV["HOST"]? || "0.0.0.0"
+
+Kemal.config.powered_by_header = false

app/controllers/click.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+module App::Controllers
+  struct ClickController
+    include App::Models
+    include App::Lib
+    include App::Services
+
+    # Buffered channel to hold click data
+    @@click_channel = Channel(NamedTuple(
+      link_id: Int64,
+      remote_address: String,
+      user_agent: String?,
+      referer: String
+    )).new(1024)
+
+    @@processor_started = begin
+      spawn do
+        batch_size = 64
+        batch = [] of NamedTuple(
+          link_id: Int64,
+          remote_address: String,
+          user_agent: String?,
+          referer: String
+        )
+
+        loop do
+          select
+          when click_data = @@click_channel.receive
+            batch << click_data
+
+            # Collect clicks until we have a batch or a timeout
+            if batch.size >= batch_size
+              process_click_batch(batch)
+              batch.clear
+            end
+          when timeout(0.5.seconds)
+            # Process whatever we have after timeout
+            unless batch.empty?
+              process_click_batch(batch)
+              batch.clear
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      true
+    end
+
+    private def self.process_click_batch(batch)
+      clicks = [] of App::Models::Click
+
+      batch.each do |click_data|
+        begin
+          client_ip = IpLookup.ip_from_address(click_data[:remote_address])
+          family, _, _, os = UserAgent.parse(click_data[:user_agent] || "")
+
+          click = App::Models::Click.new
+          click.link_id = click_data[:link_id]
+          click.country = client_ip ? IpLookup.country(client_ip) : nil
+          click.user_agent = click_data[:user_agent]
+          click.browser = family
+          click.os = os.try &.[0]  # OS family
+          click.referer = click_data[:referer]
+
+          clicks << click
+        rescue ex
+          Log.error { "Click data processing error: #{ex.message}" }
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Batch insert clicks if any were successfully processed
+       unless clicks.empty?
+        begin
+          multi = Crecto::Multi.new
+          clicks.each do |click|
+            multi.insert(click)
+          end
+          Database.transaction(multi)
+        rescue ex
+          Log.error { "Batch click insertion error: #{ex.message}" }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.redirect_handler
+      ->(env : HTTP::Server::Context) {
+        link_id, url = Database.raw_query("SELECT id, url FROM links WHERE slug = (?) LIMIT 1", env.params.url["slug"]) do |result|
+          result.move_next ? {result.read(Int64), result.read(String)} : nil
+        end || raise App::NotFoundException.new(env)
+
+        remote_address = env.request.headers["Cf-Connecting-Ip"]? || env.request.remote_address.to_s
+
+        env.response.status_code = 301
+        env.response.headers.add("Location", url)
+        env.response.headers.add("X-Forwarded-For", remote_address)
+
+        begin
+          @@click_channel.send({
+            link_id: link_id,
+            remote_address: remote_address,
+            user_agent: env.request.headers["User-Agent"]?,
+            referer: env.request.headers["Referer"]?.try { |r| URI.parse(r).host rescue r } || env.params.query["utm_source"]? || "Direct"
+          })
+        rescue Channel::ClosedError
+          Log.error { "Click channel closed" }
+        rescue ex
+          Log.error { "Error queuing click: #{ex.message}" }
+        end
+      }
+    end
+  end
+end

app/controllers/link.cr

@@ -1,123 +1,153 @@
-require "uuid"
+module App::Controllers
-
+  class LinkController < App::Lib::BaseController
-require "../lib/controller.cr"
-
-module App::Controllers::Link
-  class Create < App::Lib::BaseController
     include App::Models
     include App::Lib
+    include App::Services
 
-    def call(env)
+    def initialize(@env : HTTP::Server::Context)
-      user = env.get("user").as(User)
+      super(@env)
-      body = parse_body(env, ["url"])
+    end
+
+    def create
+      body = parse_body(["url"])
+      url = body["url"].to_s
+
+      query = Database::Query.where(url: url, user_id: current_user_id).limit(1)
+      existing_link = Database.all(Link, query, preload: [:clicks]).first?
+      if existing_link
+        return render_json({"data" => App::Serializers::Link.new(existing_link)})
+      end
 
       link = Link.new
-      link.id = UUID.v4.to_s
+      link.url = url
-      link.url = body["url"].to_s
+      link.user_id = current_user_id
-      link.slug = Random::Secure.urlsafe_base64(4)
+      link.slug = SlugService.shorten_url(url, current_user_id)
-      link.user = user
 
       changeset = Database.insert(link)
       if !changeset.valid?
-        raise App::UnprocessableEntityException.new(env, map_changeset_errors(changeset.errors))
+        raise App::UnprocessableEntityException.new(@env, map_changeset_errors(changeset.errors))
       end
 
-      response = {"data" => App::Serializers::Link.new(link)}
+      inserted_link = Database.get!(Link, changeset.instance.id)
-      response.to_json
+
+      render_json({"data" => App::Serializers::Link.new(inserted_link)}, 201)
     end
-  end
 
-  class Index < App::Lib::BaseController
+    def list_all
-    include App::Models
+      limit, cursor = pagination_params
-    include App::Lib
 
-    def call(env)
+      query = Database::Query.where(user_id: current_user_id)
-      slug = env.params.url["slug"]
+      query = query.where("id < ?", cursor) if cursor
+      query = query.order_by("id DESC").limit(limit + 1)
 
-      link = Database.get_by(Link, slug: slug)
-      raise App::NotFoundException.new(env) if !link
-
-      spawn do
-        link.click_counter = link.click_counter! + 1
-
-        changeset = Database.update(link)
-        if changeset.errors.any?
-          Log.error { "Increase click counter failed: #{changeset.errors}" }
-        end
-      end
-
-      env.response.status_code = 301
-      env.response.headers["Location"] = link.url!
-      env.response.headers["Content-Type"] = "text/html"
-      env.response.print("Redirecting...")
-    end
-  end
-
-  class All < App::Lib::BaseController
-    include App::Models
-    include App::Lib
-
-    def call(env)
-      user = env.get("user").as(User)
-
-      query = Database::Query.where(user_id: user.id.as(String))
       links = Database.all(Link, query)
 
-      response = {"data" => links.map { |link| App::Serializers::Link.new(link) }}
+      paginated_response(links, limit) { |link| App::Serializers::Link.new(link) }
-      response.to_json
     end
-  end
 
-  class Update < App::Lib::BaseController
+    def get
-    include App::Models
+      link_id = @env.params.url["id"].to_i64
-    include App::Lib
 
-    def call(env)
+      query = Database::Query.where(id: link_id, user_id: current_user_id).limit(1)
-      user = env.get("user").as(User)
+      link = Database.all(Link, query).first?
-      id = env.params.url["id"]
+      raise App::NotFoundException.new(@env) if link.nil?
-      body = parse_body(env, ["url"])
 
-      link = Database.get(Link, id)
+      clicks_query = Database::Query.where(link_id: link_id)
-      raise App::NotFoundException.new(env) if !link
+                                   .order_by("id DESC")
+                                   .limit(100)
+      link.clicks = Database.all(Click, clicks_query)
 
-      if link.user_id != user.id
+      render_json({"data" => App::Serializers::Link.new(link)})
-        raise App::ForbiddenException.new(env)
+    end
+
+    def list_clicks
+      link_id = @env.params.url["id"].to_i64
+
+      # Verify link exists and belongs to user
+      link_query = Database::Query.where(id: link_id, user_id: current_user_id).limit(1)
+      link = Database.all(Link, link_query).first?
+      raise App::NotFoundException.new(@env) if link.nil?
+
+      limit, cursor = pagination_params
+
+      query = Database::Query.where(link_id: link_id)
+      query = query.where("id < ?", cursor) if cursor
+      query = query.order_by("id DESC").limit(limit + 1)
+
+      clicks = Database.all(Click, query)
+
+      paginated_response(clicks, limit) { |click| App::Serializers::Click.new(click) }
+    end
+
+    def update
+      id = @env.params.url["id"].to_i64
+      body = parse_body(["url"])
+      new_url = body["url"].to_s
+
+      query = Database::Query.where(id: id).limit(1)
+      link = Database.all(Link, query, preload: [:clicks]).first?
+
+      raise App::NotFoundException.new(@env) if link.nil?
+      raise App::ForbiddenException.new(@env) if link.user_id != current_user_id
+
+      # Check for existing URL
+      existing_query = Database::Query.where(url: new_url, user_id: current_user_id).limit(1)
+      if Database.all(Link, existing_query).first?
+        raise App::UnprocessableEntityException.new(@env, { "url" => ["URL already exists"] })
       end
 
-      link.url = body["url"].to_s
+      link.url = new_url
-      link.click_counter = 0
+      link.slug = SlugService.shorten_url(new_url, current_user_id)
 
       changeset = Database.update(link)
       if !changeset.valid?
-        raise App::UnprocessableEntityException.new(env, map_changeset_errors(changeset.errors))
+        raise App::UnprocessableEntityException.new(@env, map_changeset_errors(changeset.errors))
       end
 
-      response = {"data" => App::Serializers::Link.new(link)}
+      render_json({"data" => App::Serializers::Link.new(link)})
-      response.to_json
     end
-  end
 
-  class Delete < App::Lib::BaseController
+    def delete
-    include App::Models
+      id = @env.params.url["id"].to_i64
-    include App::Lib
-
-    def call(env)
-      user = env.get("user").as(User)
-      id = env.params.url["id"]
 
       link = Database.get(Link, id)
-      raise App::NotFoundException.new(env) if !link
+      raise App::NotFoundException.new(@env) if !link
+      raise App::ForbiddenException.new(@env) if link.user_id != current_user_id
 
-      if link.user_id != user.id
+      result = Database.raw_exec("DELETE FROM links WHERE id = (?)", link.id)
-        raise App::ForbiddenException.new(env)
-      end
-
-      result = Database.raw_exec("DELETE FROM links WHERE id = (?)", link.id) # tempfix: Database.delete does not work
       if result.rows_affected == 0
-        raise App::UnprocessableEntityException.new(env, { "id" => ["Row delete failed"] })
+        raise App::UnprocessableEntityException.new(@env, { "id" => ["Row delete failed"] })
       end
 
-      env.response.status_code = 204
+      @env.response.status_code = 204
+    end
+
+    private def current_user : User
+      @env.get("user").as(User)
+    end
+
+    private def current_user_id : Int64
+      current_user.id.as(Int64)
+    end
+
+    private def pagination_params
+      limit = (@env.params.query["limit"]? || "100").to_i32
+      cursor = @env.params.query["cursor"]?
+      {limit, cursor}
+    end
+
+    private def paginated_response(items, limit)
+      has_more = items.size > limit
+      items = items[0...limit] if has_more
+      next_cursor = has_more ? items.last.id : nil
+
+      render_json({
+        "data" => items.map { |item| yield item },
+        "pagination" => {
+          "has_more" => has_more,
+          "next_cursor" => next_cursor
+        }
+      })
     end
   end
 end

app/controllers/ping.cr

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 require "../lib/controller.cr"
 
-module App::Controllers::Ping
+module App::Controllers
-  class Get < App::Lib::BaseController
+  class PingController < App::Lib::BaseController
-    def call(env)
+    def initialize(@env : HTTP::Server::Context)
-      response = {"pong" => "ok"}
+      super(@env)
-      response.to_json
+    end
+
+    def ping
+      render_json({data: "pong"})
     end
   end
 end

app/lib/controller.cr

@@ -1,29 +1,45 @@
 module App::Lib
   abstract class BaseController
-    def map_changeset_errors(errors)
+    protected getter env : HTTP::Server::Context
+
+    def initialize(@env : HTTP::Server::Context); end
+
+    # Convert changeset errors to API-friendly format
+    protected def map_changeset_errors(errors)
       errors.reduce({} of String => Array(String)) do |memo, error|
-        memo[error[:field]] = memo[error[:field]]? || [] of String
+        field = error[:field].to_s
-        memo[error[:field]] << error[:message]
+        message = error[:message].to_s
+
+        memo[field] ||= [] of String
+        memo[field] << message
         memo
       end
     end
 
-    def parse_body(env, fields)
+    protected def parse_body(required_fields : Array(String) = [] of String)
-      json_params = env.params.json.to_h
+      json_params = @env.params.json.try(&.to_h) || {} of String => JSON::Any
-      missing_fields = [] of String
+      json_params = json_params.transform_values(&.to_s) # Convert JSON::Any to String
 
-      fields.each do |field|
+      missing_fields = required_fields.reject { |field| json_params.has_key?(field) }
-        unless json_params.has_key?(field)
-          missing_fields << field
-        end
-      end
 
       unless missing_fields.empty?
-        error_message = missing_fields.map { |field| "#{field}: Required field" }.join(", ")
+        error_message = missing_fields.join(", ") + " required"
-        raise App::BadRequestException.new(env, error_message)
+        raise App::BadRequestException.new(@env, error_message)
       end
 
       json_params
     end
+
+    protected def render_json(data, status_code : Int32 = 200)
+      @env.response.status_code = status_code
+      @env.response.content_type = "application/json"
+      data.to_json
+    end
+
+    protected def param(key : String) : String
+      @env.params.url[key]
+    rescue KeyError
+      raise App::BadRequestException.new(@env, "Missing required parameter: #{key}")
+    end
   end
 end

app/lib/database.cr

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require "sqlite3"
 require "crecto"
+require "micrate"
 
 module App::Lib
   class Database
@@ -8,11 +9,26 @@ module App::Lib
     Query = Crecto::Repo::Query
 
     config do |conf|
-      conf.uri = ENV["DATABASE_URL"]
+      base_url = ENV["DATABASE_URL"]
+      separator = base_url.includes?("?") ? "&" : "?"
+
+      db_url = base_url + separator +
+        "&journal_mode=WAL" +
+        "&synchronous=NORMAL" +      # Better performance with reasonable safety
+        "&foreign_keys=true"
+
+      conf.uri = db_url
     end
 
     if ENV["ENV"] == "development"
       Crecto::DbLogger.set_handler(STDOUT)
     end
+
+    def self.run_migrations
+      Micrate::DB.connection_url = ENV["DATABASE_URL"]
+      Micrate::Cli.run_up
+    end
+
+    run_migrations
   end
 end

app/lib/errors.cr

@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 require "kemal"
 
 module App
+  class InternalServerErrorException < Kemal::Exceptions::CustomException
+    def initialize(context)
+      context.response.content_type = "application/json"
+      context.response.status_code = 500
+      context.response.print({ "error" => "Internal Server Error" }.to_json)
+      super(context)
+    end
+  end
+
   class BadRequestException < Kemal::Exceptions::CustomException
     def initialize(context, message : String)
+      context.response.content_type = "application/json"
       context.response.status_code = 400
       context.response.print({ "error" => message }.to_json)
       super(context)
@@ -11,13 +21,16 @@ module App
 
   class UnauthorizedException < Kemal::Exceptions::CustomException
     def initialize(context)
+      context.response.content_type = "application/json"
       context.response.status_code = 401
+      context.response.print({ "error" => "Unauthorized access" }.to_json)
       super(context)
     end
   end
 
   class ForbiddenException < Kemal::Exceptions::CustomException
     def initialize(context)
+      context.response.content_type = "application/json"
       context.response.status_code = 403
       context.response.print({ "error" => "Access not allowed" }.to_json)
       super(context)
@@ -26,13 +39,16 @@ module App
 
   class NotFoundException < Kemal::Exceptions::CustomException
     def initialize(context)
+      context.response.content_type = "application/json"
       context.response.status_code = 404
+      context.response.print({ "error" => "Resource not found" }.to_json)
       super(context)
     end
   end
 
   class UnprocessableEntityException < Kemal::Exceptions::CustomException
     def initialize(context, message : Hash(String, Array(String)))
+      context.response.content_type = "application/json"
       context.response.status_code = 422
       context.response.print({ "errors" => message }.to_json)
       super(context)

app/lib/ip_lookup.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+require "maxminddb"
+require "log"
+
+module App::Lib
+  struct IpLookup
+    MMDB_PATH = "data/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb"
+
+    @@reader : MaxMindDB::Reader? = nil
+    @@reader_mutex = Mutex.new
+
+    private def self.get_reader : MaxMindDB::Reader
+      @@reader_mutex.synchronize do
+        @@reader ||= MaxMindDB.open(MMDB_PATH)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.country(ip_address : String) : String?
+      return nil if ip_address == "Unknown" || ip_address.empty?
+
+      begin
+        lookup = get_reader.get(ip_address)
+        lookup["country"]?.try &.["iso_code"]?.try &.as_s
+      rescue ex
+        Log.error { "IP lookup failed: #{ex.message}" }
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.ip_from_address(address_string : String?) : String?
+      return nil if address_string.nil?
+
+      if address_string.includes?('[') # IPv6 with port: [2001:db8::1]:8080
+        address_string.split(']').first.sub('[', '\'')
+      elsif address_string.includes?(':')
+        if address_string.count(':') > 1 # IPv6 without port
+          address_string
+        else # IPv4 with port: 192.168.1.1:8080
+          address_string.split(':').first
+        end
+      else # Address without port
+        address_string
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

app/lib/ua_parser.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+require "yaml"
+require "semantic_version"
+
+module App::Lib
+  struct UserAgent
+    REGEXES_PATH = "data/uap_core_regexes.yaml"
+
+    @@regexes_cache : YAML::Any? = nil
+    @@compiled_regexes = {} of String => Array(Tuple(Regex, YAML::Any))
+    @@mutex = Mutex.new
+
+    private def self.load_regexes
+      @@mutex.synchronize do
+        if @@regexes_cache.nil?
+          begin
+            regexes_yaml = File.read(REGEXES_PATH)
+            @@regexes_cache = YAML.parse(regexes_yaml)
+
+            # Pre-compile all regexes for better performance
+            ["user_agent_parsers", "os_parsers", "device_parsers"].each do |parser_type|
+              @@compiled_regexes[parser_type] = [] of Tuple(Regex, YAML::Any)
+
+              @@regexes_cache.not_nil![parser_type].as_a.each do |parser|
+                regex_str = parser["regex"].as_s
+                options = parser["regex_flag"]?.try(&.as_s) == "i" ?
+                  Regex::Options::IGNORE_CASE : Regex::Options::None
+
+                begin
+                  compiled_regex = Regex.new(regex_str, options)
+                  @@compiled_regexes[parser_type] << {compiled_regex, parser}
+                rescue
+                  # Skip invalid regexes
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          rescue ex
+            # If loading fails, set an empty cache to prevent repeated failures
+            @@regexes_cache = YAML.parse("{}")
+            @@compiled_regexes = {} of String => Array(Tuple(Regex, YAML::Any))
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.parse(user_agent_string : String)
+      return {nil, nil, nil, nil} if user_agent_string.empty?
+
+      # Load regexes only once and cache them
+      load_regexes
+
+      family = nil
+      version = nil
+      device = nil
+      os = nil
+
+      @@compiled_regexes["user_agent_parsers"]?.try &.each do |regex_tuple|
+        regex, parser = regex_tuple
+        match = regex.match(user_agent_string)
+        next unless match
+
+        family = match[1]? || nil
+        v1 = (match[2]? || "0").to_i
+        v2 = (match[3]? || "0").to_i
+        v3 = (match[4]? || "0").to_i
+
+        # Apply replacements if defined
+        if replacement = parser["family_replacement"]?
+          family = replacement.as_s.gsub("$1", family.to_s)
+        end
+
+        version = SemanticVersion.new(v1, v2, v3)
+        break
+      end
+
+      @@compiled_regexes["os_parsers"]?.try &.each do |regex_tuple|
+        regex, parser = regex_tuple
+        match = regex.match(user_agent_string)
+        next unless match
+
+        os_family = match[1]? || nil
+        os_v1 = (match[2]? || "0").to_i
+        os_v2 = (match[3]? || "0").to_i
+        os_v3 = (match[4]? || "0").to_i
+
+        # Apply replacements if defined
+        if replacement = parser["os_replacement"]?
+          os_family = replacement.as_s.gsub("$1", os_family.to_s)
+        end
+
+        os = {os_family, SemanticVersion.new(os_v1, os_v2, os_v3)}
+        break
+      end
+
+      @@compiled_regexes["device_parsers"]?.try &.each do |regex_tuple|
+        regex, parser = regex_tuple
+        match = regex.match(user_agent_string)
+        next unless match
+
+        model = match[1]? || nil
+        device_name = model
+        brand = nil
+
+        # Apply replacements if defined
+        if device_replacement = parser["device_replacement"]?
+          device_name = device_replacement.as_s.gsub("$1", device_name.to_s)
+        end
+
+        if model_replacement = parser["model_replacement"]?
+          model = model_replacement.as_s.gsub("$1", model.to_s)
+        end
+
+        if brand_replacement = parser["brand_replacement"]?
+          brand = brand_replacement.as_s
+        end
+
+        device = {model, brand, device_name}
+        break
+      end
+
+      {family, version, device, os}
+    end
+  end
+end

app/middlewares/cors.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+module App::Middlewares
+  class CORSHandler < Kemal::Handler
+    exclude ["/api/ping", "/:slug"]
+
+    def initialize(
+      @allow_origin = "*",
+      @allow_methods = "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS",
+      @allow_headers = "Content-Type, Accept, Origin, X-Api-Key"
+    )
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      return call_next(env) if exclude_match?(env)
+
+      env.response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = @allow_origin
+      env.response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Methods"] = @allow_methods
+      env.response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Headers"] = @allow_headers
+
+      if env.request.method == "OPTIONS"
+        env.response.status_code = 200
+        env.response.content_type = "text/plain"
+        env.response.print("")
+        return env
+      end
+
+      call_next(env)
+    end
+  end
+end

app/models/click.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require "crecto"
+
+module App::Models
+  class Click < Crecto::Model
+    schema :clicks do
+      field :id, Int64, primary_key: true
+      field :user_agent, String
+      field :country, String
+      field :browser, String
+      field :os, String
+      field :referer, String
+
+      belongs_to :link, Link
+    end
+
+    validate_required [:user_agent, :referer]
+  end
+end

app/models/link.cr

@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@ require "./user.cr"
 module App::Models
   class Link < Crecto::Model
     schema :links do
-      field :id, String, primary_key: true
+      field :id, Int64, primary_key: true
       field :slug, String
       field :url, String
-      field :click_counter, Int64, default: 0
 
       belongs_to :user, User
+      has_many :clicks, Click
     end
 
     unique_constraint :slug
 
     validate_required [:slug, :url]
-    validate_format :url, /\A(?:https?:\/\/)?(?:[\w-]+\.)+[\w-]+(?:\/\S*)?/
+    validate_format :url, /\A(?:(https?:\/\/)?(?:[\w-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})(?::\d+)?(?:[\/?#]\S*)?\z/i
   end
 end

app/models/user.cr

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require "crecto"
 module App::Models
   class User < Crecto::Model
     schema :users do
-      field :id, String, primary_key: true
+      field :id, Int64, primary_key: true
       field :name, String
       field :api_key, String
     end

app/routes.cr

@@ -1,37 +1,44 @@
 require "./controllers/**"
 
+require "kemal"
+
+add_handler App::Middlewares::CORSHandler.new
+add_handler App::Middlewares::Auth.new
+
 module App
-  before_all do |env|
+  get "/:slug", &App::Controllers::ClickController.redirect_handler
-    env.response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = "*"
-    env.response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Methods"] = "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS"
-    env.response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Headers"] = "Content-Type, Accept, X-Api-Key"
-  end
-
-  after_all do |env|
-    env.response.content_type = "application/json"
-  end
 
+  # Namespace /api
   get "/api/ping" do |env|
-    Controllers::Ping::Get.new.call(env)
+    Controllers::PingController.new(env).ping
-  end
-
-  get "/:slug" do |env|
-    Controllers::Link::Index.new.call(env)
   end
 
   get "/api/links" do |env|
-    Controllers::Link::All.new.call(env)
+    Controllers::LinkController.new(env).list_all
+  end
+
+  get "/api/links/:id" do |env|
+    Controllers::LinkController.new(env).get
+  end
+
+  get "/api/links/:id/clicks" do |env|
+    Controllers::LinkController.new(env).list_clicks
   end
 
   post "/api/links" do |env|
-    Controllers::Link::Create.new.call(env)
+    Controllers::LinkController.new(env).create
   end
 
   put "/api/links/:id" do |env|
-    Controllers::Link::Update.new.call(env)
+    Controllers::LinkController.new(env).update
   end
 
   delete "/api/links/:id" do |env|
-    Controllers::Link::Delete.new.call(env)
+    Controllers::LinkController.new(env).delete
+  end
+
+  error 500 do |env|
+    App::InternalServerErrorException.new(env)
+    ""
   end
 end

app/serializers/click.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require "json"
+
+require "../models/click"
+
+module App::Serializers
+  class Click
+    def initialize(@click : App::Models::Click)
+    end
+
+    def to_json(builder : JSON::Builder)
+      builder.object do
+        builder.field("id", @click.id)
+        builder.field("user_agent", @click.user_agent)
+        builder.field("country", @click.country)
+        builder.field("browser", @click.browser)
+        builder.field("os", @click.os)
+        builder.field("referer", @click.referer)
+        builder.field("created_at", @click.created_at)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

app/serializers/link.cr

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require "json"
 
 require "../models/link"
+require "./click"
 
 module App::Serializers
   class Link
@@ -15,7 +16,15 @@ module App::Serializers
         builder.field("id", @link.id)
         builder.field("refer", @refer)
         builder.field("origin", @link.url)
-        builder.field("clicks", @link.click_counter)
+
+        begin
+          clicks = @link.clicks
+          unless clicks.empty?
+            builder.field("clicks", clicks.map { |click| App::Serializers::Click.new(click) })
+          end
+        rescue Crecto::AssociationNotLoaded
+          # Association not loaded, skip this field silently
+        end
       end
     end
   end

app/services/cli.cr

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
+require "file_utils"
+require "http/client"
+
 require "../config/*"
 require "../lib/*"
 require "../models/*"
 
 module App::Services::Cli
-  def self.create_user(name)
+  def self.create_user(name, api_key = nil)
     user = App::Models::User.new
-    user.id = UUID.v4.to_s
     user.name = name
-    user.api_key = Random::Secure.urlsafe_base64()
+    user.api_key = api_key || Random::Secure.urlsafe_base64()
 
     changeset = App::Lib::Database.insert(user)
-    return changeset.errors if !changeset.valid?
+    return changeset.errors unless changeset.valid?
 
     "New user created: Name: #{user.name}, X-Api-Key: #{user.api_key}"
   end
@@ -35,4 +37,104 @@ module App::Services::Cli
 
     "User with ID #{user_id} deleted successfully"
   end
+
+  def self.setup_admin_user
+    admin_name = ENV["ADMIN_NAME"]?
+    admin_api_key = ENV["ADMIN_API_KEY"]?
+
+    if admin_name && admin_api_key
+      query = App::Lib::Database::Query.where(name: admin_name, api_key: admin_api_key).limit(1)
+      existing_user = App::Lib::Database.all(App::Models::User, query).first?
+
+      return if existing_user
+
+      puts "Admin user setup detected. Creating admin user..."
+      result = create_user(admin_name, admin_api_key)
+      puts result
+    else
+      puts "Admin setup skipped: Missing ADMIN_NAME or ADMIN_API_KEY environment variables."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.update_uap_regexes
+    puts "Downloading User-Agent Parser core regexes..."
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p("data")
+    url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ua-parser/uap-core/master/regexes.yaml"
+    output_file = "data/uap_core_regexes.yaml"
+
+    begin
+      http_get_with_redirect(url) do |response|
+        File.write(output_file, response.body_io.gets_to_end)
+      end
+      puts "User-Agent regexes downloaded to #{output_file}"
+    rescue e
+      puts "Error: Failed to download UAP core regexes: #{e.message}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.download_geolite_db
+    puts "Downloading GeoLite2 Country database..."
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p("data")
+    url = "https://github.com/P3TERX/GeoLite.mmdb/raw/download/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb"
+    output_file = "data/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb"
+
+    begin
+      File.open(output_file, "wb") do |file|
+        http_get_with_redirect(url) do |response|
+          IO.copy(response.body_io, file)
+        end
+      end
+      puts "GeoLite2 database downloaded to #{output_file}"
+    rescue e
+      puts "Error: Failed to download GeoLite2 database: #{e.message}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  private def self.http_get_with_redirect(url : String, max_redirects = 5)
+    redirects = 0
+
+    while redirects < max_redirects
+      uri = URI.parse(url)
+      client = HTTP::Client.new(uri)
+
+      success = false
+      follow_redirect = false
+      redirect_url = nil
+
+      begin
+        client.get(uri.request_target) do |response|
+          case response.status_code
+          when 200
+            yield response
+            success = true
+          when 301, 302
+            if new_location = response.headers["Location"]?
+              puts "Following redirect to: #{new_location}"
+              redirect_url = new_location
+              follow_redirect = true
+            else
+              raise "Received redirect status but no Location header"
+            end
+          else
+            raise "Failed request with status code: #{response.status_code}"
+          end
+        end
+      ensure
+        client.close
+      end
+
+      return if success
+
+      if follow_redirect && redirect_url
+        url = redirect_url
+        redirects += 1
+      else
+        break
+      end
+    end
+
+    raise "Too many redirects (#{max_redirects})"
+  end
 end

app/services/slug.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+require "digest"
+require "base64"
+
+module App::Services::SlugService
+  def self.shorten_url(url : String, user_id : Int64) : String
+    combined = "#{user_id}-#{url}"
+    crc32_hash = Digest::CRC32.digest(combined)
+    base62_encoded = Base64.urlsafe_encode(crc32_hash).strip.tr("-_=", "")
+
+    base62_encoded
+  end
+end

app/version.cr

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-module App
-  VERSION = "0.1.0"
-end

benchmark.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env crystal
+
+require "http/client"
+require "json"
+require "file_utils"
+
+# Configuration variables
+SERVER_URL = "http://localhost:4000"
+API_URL = "#{SERVER_URL}/api/links"
+API_KEY = "secure_api_key_1"
+NUMBER_OF_REQUESTS = 100000
+
+CONTAINER_NAME = "bit"
+STATS_FILE = "resource_usage.txt"
+
+class ResourceMonitor
+  def initialize(@container_name : String)
+    @running = false
+    @stats = [] of {timestamp: Time, cpu: Float64, memory: Float64}
+  end
+
+  def start
+    @running = true
+    @stats.clear
+
+    # Initialize stats file with header
+    File.write(STATS_FILE, "Timestamp\tCPU(%)\tMemory(MiB)\n")
+
+    spawn do
+      while @running
+        if stat = capture_stats
+          # Append each measurement directly to the file
+          File.open(STATS_FILE, "a") do |file|
+            file.puts "#{stat[:timestamp].to_unix}\t#{stat[:cpu]}\t#{stat[:memory]}"
+          end
+          @stats << stat
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def stop
+    @running = false
+  end
+
+  def avg_stats
+    return {cpu: 0.0, memory: 0.0} if @stats.empty?
+
+    total_cpu = 0.0
+    total_memory = 0.0
+    @stats.each do |stat|
+      total_cpu += stat[:cpu]
+      total_memory += stat[:memory]
+    end
+
+    {
+      cpu: total_cpu / @stats.size,
+      memory: total_memory / @stats.size
+    }
+  end
+
+  private def capture_stats
+    output = IO::Memory.new
+    process = Process.run(
+      "docker", ["stats", "--no-stream", "--format", "{{.CPUPerc}},{{.MemUsage}}", @container_name],
+      output: output
+    )
+
+    if process.success?
+      line = output.to_s.strip
+      parts = line.split(",")
+      if parts.size == 2
+        cpu_part = parts[0].gsub("%", "").to_f
+
+        # Extract the memory value properly by removing the "MiB" suffix
+        mem_string = parts[1].split.first
+        mem_part = mem_string.gsub(/[A-Za-z]+$/, "").to_f
+
+        return {timestamp: Time.utc, cpu: cpu_part, memory: mem_part}
+      end
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+def check_dependencies
+  {"docker", "jq", "bombardier"}.each do |cmd|
+    process = Process.run("which", [cmd], output: Process::Redirect::Close)
+    unless process.success?
+      puts "Error: #{cmd} is not installed. Please install it to proceed."
+      exit(1)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+def setup_containers
+  puts "Setting up..."
+
+  process = Process.run("docker", ["compose", "up", "-d"])
+  unless process.success?
+    puts "Failed to start Docker containers."
+    exit(1)
+  end
+
+  puts "Waiting for the application to be ready..."
+  until begin
+          HTTP::Client.get("#{SERVER_URL}/api/ping").success?
+        rescue
+          false
+        end
+    sleep 1.seconds
+  end
+
+  puts "Seeding the database..."
+  process = Process.run("docker", ["compose", "exec", "app", "sh", "-c", "sqlite3 ./sqlite/data.db < ./db/seed.sql"])
+
+  unless process.success?
+    puts "Error on seeding database"
+    exit(1)
+  end
+
+  puts "Checking seed results..."
+  until begin
+          HTTP::Client.get(
+            "#{API_URL}?limit=1",
+            headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => API_KEY}
+          ).success?
+        rescue
+          false
+        end
+    sleep 2.seconds
+  end
+end
+
+def run_benchmark
+  puts "Fetching all created links from /api/links..."
+
+  response = HTTP::Client.get(
+    "#{API_URL}?limit=10000",
+    headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => API_KEY}
+  )
+
+  sleep 2.seconds
+  unless response.success?
+    puts "Failed to fetch links. Status: #{response.status_code}"
+    exit(1)
+  end
+
+  data = JSON.parse(response.body)
+  links = data["data"].as_a.map { |link| link["refer"].as_s }
+
+  random_link = links.sample
+  puts "Selected link for benchmarking: #{random_link}"
+
+  puts "Starting benchmark with Bombardier..."
+
+  sleep 2.seconds
+  process = Process.new(
+    "bombardier",
+    ["-n", NUMBER_OF_REQUESTS.to_s, "-l", "--disableKeepAlives", random_link],
+    output: Process::Redirect::Inherit,
+    error: Process::Redirect::Inherit
+  )
+
+  status = process.wait
+
+  if status.success?
+    puts "Benchmark completed successfully."
+  else
+    puts "Bombardier failed with error code: #{status.exit_code}"
+    exit(1)
+  end
+end
+
+def analyze_resource_usage
+  puts "Analyzing resource usage..."
+
+  sleep 2.seconds
+  # Read stats directly from file for more accurate results
+  if File.exists?(STATS_FILE)
+    lines = File.read_lines(STATS_FILE)
+    # Skip header
+    lines = lines[1..-1] if lines.size > 0
+
+    if lines.size > 0
+      total_cpu = 0.0
+      total_memory = 0.0
+      peak_cpu = 0.0
+      peak_memory = 0.0
+
+      lines.each do |line|
+        fields = line.split("\t")
+        if fields.size >= 3
+          begin
+            cpu = fields[1].to_f
+            memory = fields[2].to_f
+
+            total_cpu += cpu
+            total_memory += memory
+
+            # Track peaks in a single pass
+            peak_cpu = cpu if cpu > peak_cpu
+            peak_memory = memory if memory > peak_memory
+          rescue
+            # Skip invalid lines
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      avg_cpu = total_cpu / lines.size
+      avg_memory = total_memory / lines.size
+
+      stats_summary = <<-STATS
+      **** Resource Usage Statistics ****
+        Measurements: #{lines.size}
+        Average CPU Usage: #{avg_cpu.round(2)}%
+        Average Memory Usage: #{avg_memory.round(2)} MiB
+        Peak CPU Usage: #{peak_cpu.round(2)}%
+        Peak Memory Usage: #{peak_memory.round(2)} MiB
+
+      STATS
+
+      File.open(STATS_FILE, "a") do |file|
+        file.puts "\n" + stats_summary
+      end
+
+      puts File.read(STATS_FILE)
+    else
+      puts "No resource usage data collected."
+    end
+  else
+    puts "Resource usage file not found."
+  end
+end
+
+def cleanup
+  Process.run("docker", ["compose", "down"])
+  puts "Cleanup completed. Resource usage data saved in #{STATS_FILE}"
+end
+
+def main
+  check_dependencies
+  setup_containers
+
+  monitor = ResourceMonitor.new(CONTAINER_NAME)
+  monitor.start
+
+  begin
+    run_benchmark
+
+    monitor.stop
+    analyze_resource_usage
+  ensure
+    cleanup
+  end
+end
+
+main

benchmark.sh

@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-api_url="http://localhost:4001/api/links"
-num_links=1000
-num_requests=10
-resource_usage_interval=1  # Interval in seconds for resource usage logging
-
-semaphore="/tmp/semaphore"
-max_concurrent_processes=$(ulimit -u)  # Adjust this number based on your system's capability
-
-# Initialize semaphore
-mkfifo $semaphore
-exec 3<> $semaphore
-rm $semaphore
-
-for ((i=0; i<max_concurrent_processes; i++)); do
-    echo >&3
-done
-
-echo "Semaphore initialized with $max_concurrent_processes slots."
-
-function get_resource_usage {
-    while true; do
-        docker stats --no-stream --format "{{.MemUsage}} {{.CPUPerc}}" url-shortener >> resource_usage.txt
-        sleep $resource_usage_interval
-    done
-}
-
-function calculate_average_usage {
-    total_mem=0
-    count=0
-
-    while read -r line; do
-        mem=$(echo $line | awk '{print $1}')
-
-        # Convert memory to MiB if necessary
-        if [[ $mem == *MiB ]]; then
-            mem=$(echo $mem | sed 's/MiB//')
-        elif [[ $mem == *GiB ]]; then
-            mem=$(echo $mem | sed 's/GiB//')
-            mem=$(echo "$mem * 1024" | bc)
-        fi
-
-        total_mem=$(echo "$total_mem + $mem" | bc)
-        ((count++))
-    done < resource_usage.txt
-
-    avg_mem=$(echo "scale=2; $total_mem / $count" | bc)
-    rm resource_usage.txt
-
-    echo "Average Memory Usage: $avg_mem MiB"
-}
-
-function measure {
-    total_time=0
-    declare -a refer_links
-
-    # Start resource usage logging in the background
-    nohup bash -c "$(declare -f get_resource_usage); get_resource_usage" &> /dev/null &
-    resource_usage_pid=$!
-    disown
-
-    echo "Creating $num_links short links..."
-    for ((i=1; i<=num_links; i++)); do
-        response=$(curl --silent --request POST \
-                        --url $api_url \
-                        --header "X-Api-Key: $api_key" \
-                        --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
-                        --data "{ \"url\": \"https://kagi.com\" }")
-
-        refer=$(echo $response | awk -F'"' '/"refer":/{print $(NF-1)}')
-        if [[ -n $refer ]]; then
-            refer_links+=("$refer")
-            if (( i % 100 == 0 )); then
-                echo "Created short link $i/$num_links"
-            fi
-        else
-            echo "Failed to create short link $i"
-        fi
-    done
-
-    echo "Accessing each link $num_requests times concurrently..."
-    > times.txt  # Ensure times.txt is created and empty
-
-    total_accesses=$((num_links * num_requests))
-    accesses_done=0
-
-    for refer in "${refer_links[@]}"; do
-        for ((i=1; i<=num_requests; i++)); do
-            # Wait for a slot
-            read -u 3
-            {
-                start_time=$(date +%s%6N)
-                curl -s "$refer" >> /dev/null
-                end_time=$(date +%s%6N)
-                elapsed_time=$(echo "$end_time - $start_time" | bc)
-                echo $elapsed_time >> times.txt
-                # Release the slot
-                echo >&3
-
-                ((accesses_done++))
-                if (( accesses_done % 10 == 0 )); then
-                    echo "Accessed $accesses_done/$total_accesses"
-                fi
-            } &
-        done
-    done
-
-    wait
-
-    # Stop resource usage logging
-    if kill -0 $resource_usage_pid 2>/dev/null; then
-        kill $resource_usage_pid
-    fi
-
-    # Read all elapsed times and calculate total
-    while read -r time; do
-        total_time=$(echo "$total_time + $time" | bc)
-    done < times.txt
-    rm times.txt
-
-    echo "****Results****"
-
-    calculate_average_usage
-    echo "Average Response Time: $(echo "scale=2; $total_time / ($num_links * $num_requests)" | bc) µs"
-}
-
-echo "Setup..."
-
-docker-compose up -d
-# Ensure migrations are done
-docker-compose exec -T app migrate
-
-# Create a new user and capture the API key
-output=$(docker-compose exec -T app cli --create-user=Admin)
-api_key=$(echo "$output" | awk -F' ' '/X-Api-Key:/{print $NF}')
-echo "Captured API Key: $api_key"
-
-echo "Waiting for database to be ready..."
-sleep 5
-
-measure
-
-# Clean up
-docker-compose down

bit.cr

@@ -5,14 +5,11 @@ require "./app/lib/*"
 require "./app/models/*"
 require "./app/serializers/*"
 require "./app/middlewares/*"
+require "./app/services/*"
 
 require "./app/routes"
 
 add_context_storage_type(App::Models::User)
-add_handler(App::Middlewares::Auth.new)
+App::Services::Cli.setup_admin_user
-
-error 500 { |env| {"error" => "Internal Server Error" }.to_json}
-error 401 { |env| {"error" => "Unauthorized" }.to_json}
-error 404 { |env| {"error" => "Not Found" }.to_json}
 
 Kemal.run

db/migrations/20240512214223_create_links.sql

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ CREATE TABLE links (
 	user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
 	slug VARCHAR(4) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
 	url TEXT NOT NULL,
-	click_counter INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 	created_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
 	updated_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
 

db/migrations/20240711224103_create_clicks.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-- +micrate Up
+-- SQL in section 'Up' is executed when this migration is applied
+CREATE TABLE clicks (
+	id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+	link_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+	user_agent TEXT,
+	browser TEXT,
+	os TEXT,
+	source TEXT,
+	created_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+	updated_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+
+	FOREIGN KEY (link_id) REFERENCES links(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- +micrate Down
+-- SQL section 'Down' is executed when this migration is rolled back
+DROP TABLE clicks;

db/migrations/20240714215409_update_slug_size_links.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+-- +micrate Up
+-- SQL in section 'Up' is executed when this migration is applied
+
+-- Step 1: Create a new table with the desired column type
+CREATE TABLE links_new (
+  id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+  user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  slug VARCHAR(8) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+  url TEXT NOT NULL,
+  created_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+  updated_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+
+  FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Step 2: Copy data from the old table to the new table
+INSERT INTO links_new (id, user_id, slug, url, created_at, updated_at)
+SELECT id, user_id, slug, url, created_at, updated_at FROM links;
+
+-- Step 3: Drop the old table
+DROP TABLE links;
+
+-- Step 4: Rename the new table to the old table's name
+ALTER TABLE links_new RENAME TO links;
+
+-- +micrate Down
+-- SQL section 'Down' is executed when this migration is rolled back
+
+-- Step 1: Create a new table with the original column type
+CREATE TABLE links_old (
+  id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+  user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  slug VARCHAR(4) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+  url TEXT NOT NULL,
+  created_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+  updated_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+
+  FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Step 2: Copy data from the current table to the old table
+INSERT INTO links_old (id, user_id, slug, url, created_at, updated_at)
+SELECT id, user_id, substr(slug, 1, 4), url, created_at, updated_at FROM links;
+
+-- Step 3: Drop the current table
+DROP TABLE links;
+
+-- Step 4: Rename the old table to the current table's name
+ALTER TABLE links_old RENAME TO links;

db/migrations/20250316102350_add_country_to_clicks.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- +micrate Up
+-- SQL in section 'Up' is executed when this migration is applied
+ALTER TABLE clicks ADD COLUMN country TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE clicks RENAME COLUMN source TO referer;
+
+-- +micrate Down
+-- SQL section 'Down' is executed when this migration is rolled back
+ALTER TABLE clicks RENAME COLUMN referer TO source;

db/migrations/20250316111734_replace_unkwown_with_null.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+-- +micrate Up
+-- SQL in section 'Up' is executed when this migration is applied
+UPDATE clicks SET user_agent = NULL WHERE user_agent = 'Unknown';
+UPDATE clicks SET browser = NULL WHERE browser = 'Unknown';
+UPDATE clicks SET os = NULL WHERE os = 'Unknown';
+UPDATE clicks SET referer = NULL WHERE referer = 'Unknown';
+
+-- +micrate Down
+-- SQL section 'Down' is executed when this migration is rolled back
+UPDATE clicks SET user_agent = 'Unknown' WHERE user_agent IS NULL;
+UPDATE clicks SET browser = 'Unknown' WHERE browser IS NULL;
+UPDATE clicks SET os = 'Unknown' WHERE os IS NULL;
+UPDATE clicks SET referer = 'Unknown' WHERE referer IS NULL;

db/migrations/20250318072657_replace_slug_index_with_covering_index.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- +micrate Up
+-- SQL in section 'Up' is executed when this migration is applied
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_links_slug;      -- Remove old composite index
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_links_slug_optimized ON links (slug, url);
+
+-- +micrate Down
+-- SQL in section 'Down' is executed when this migration is rolled back
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_links_slug_optimized;
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_links_slug ON links (id, slug, url);

db/migrations/20250319192003_convert_all_tables_text_ids_to_integer.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+-- +micrate Up
+-- SQL in section 'Up' is executed when this migration is applied
+-- 1. Create new users table with INTEGER PK
+CREATE TABLE users_new (
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
+    api_key VARCHAR(64) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+    created_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    updated_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- Create a mapping table to track old and new user IDs
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE user_id_map (
+    old_id TEXT,
+    new_id INTEGER
+);
+
+-- Insert users data and capture the mappings
+INSERT INTO users_new (name, api_key, created_at, updated_at)
+SELECT name, api_key, created_at, updated_at FROM users;
+
+INSERT INTO user_id_map
+SELECT u.id, u_new.id
+FROM users u
+JOIN users_new u_new ON u_new.api_key = u.api_key;
+
+-- 2. Create new links table with INTEGER PK
+CREATE TABLE links_new (
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    slug VARCHAR(8) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+    url TEXT NOT NULL,
+    created_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    updated_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users_new(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Create a mapping table for links
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE link_id_map (
+    old_id TEXT,
+    new_id INTEGER
+);
+
+-- Insert links data with new user_id foreign keys
+INSERT INTO links_new (user_id, slug, url, created_at, updated_at)
+SELECT 
+    (SELECT new_id FROM user_id_map WHERE old_id = l.user_id),
+    l.slug,
+    l.url,
+    l.created_at,
+    l.updated_at
+FROM links l;
+
+-- Create the mapping for links
+INSERT INTO link_id_map
+SELECT l.id, l_new.id
+FROM links l
+JOIN links_new l_new ON l_new.slug = l.slug AND l_new.url = l.url;
+
+-- 3. Create new clicks table with INTEGER PK
+CREATE TABLE clicks_new (
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    link_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    user_agent TEXT,
+    browser TEXT,
+    os TEXT,
+    referer TEXT,
+    country TEXT,
+    created_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    updated_at INTEGER DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    FOREIGN KEY (link_id) REFERENCES links_new(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Insert clicks data with new link_id foreign keys
+INSERT INTO clicks_new (link_id, user_agent, browser, os, referer, country, created_at, updated_at)
+SELECT 
+    (SELECT new_id FROM link_id_map WHERE old_id = c.link_id),
+    c.user_agent,
+    c.browser,
+    c.os,
+    c.referer,
+    c.country,
+    c.created_at,
+    c.updated_at
+FROM clicks c;
+
+-- 4. Drop old tables and rename new tables
+DROP TABLE clicks;
+DROP TABLE links;
+DROP TABLE users;
+
+ALTER TABLE clicks_new RENAME TO clicks;
+ALTER TABLE links_new RENAME TO links;
+ALTER TABLE users_new RENAME TO users;
+
+-- 5. Drop unused indexes
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS index_users_api_key;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_links_slug;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_links_slug_optimized;
+
+-- +micrate Down
+-- SQL section 'Down' is executed when this migration is rolled back

db/seed.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+INSERT INTO users (name, api_key)
+VALUES
+('User 1', 'secure_api_key_1'),
+('User 2', 'secure_api_key_2');
+
+-- Create 10,000 links (5,000 per user)
+WITH RECURSIVE link_numbers(n) AS (
+    SELECT 1
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM link_numbers
+    LIMIT 10000
+)
+INSERT INTO links (user_id, slug, url)
+SELECT
+    ((n-1) % 2) + 1, -- User ID (1-2)
+    'slug' || n,      -- Unique slug
+    'https://sjdonado.com/page/' || n
+FROM link_numbers;
+
+-- Create 1,000 clicks per link (10 million total)
+WITH RECURSIVE counts(n) AS (
+    SELECT 1
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM counts
+    LIMIT 1000
+)
+INSERT INTO clicks (link_id, user_agent, browser, os, referer, country)
+SELECT
+    l.id,
+    CASE (c.n % 5)
+        WHEN 0 THEN 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)'
+        WHEN 1 THEN 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15)'
+        WHEN 2 THEN 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 14_0)'
+        WHEN 3 THEN 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64)'
+        ELSE 'Mozilla/5.0 (Android 11; Mobile)'
+    END,
+    CASE (c.n % 3)
+        WHEN 0 THEN 'Firefox'
+        WHEN 1 THEN 'Chrome'
+        ELSE 'Safari'
+    END,
+    CASE (c.n % 4)
+        WHEN 0 THEN 'macOS'
+        WHEN 1 THEN 'Windows'
+        WHEN 2 THEN 'iOS'
+        ELSE 'Android'
+    END,
+    CASE (c.n % 6)
+        WHEN 0 THEN 'https://sjdonado.com'
+        WHEN 1 THEN 'https://donado.co'
+        WHEN 2 THEN 'https://idonthavespotify.donado.co'
+        WHEN 3 THEN 'https://spookyplanning.com'
+        WHEN 4 THEN 'https://github.com/sjdonado'
+        ELSE NULL
+    END,
+    CASE (c.n % 10)
+        WHEN 0 THEN 'Colombia'
+        WHEN 1 THEN 'Brazil'
+        WHEN 2 THEN 'Canada'
+        WHEN 3 THEN 'Germany'
+        WHEN 4 THEN 'France'
+        WHEN 5 THEN 'Japan'
+        WHEN 6 THEN 'Australia'
+        WHEN 7 THEN 'Brazil'
+        WHEN 8 THEN 'India'
+        ELSE 'China'
+    END
+FROM links l
+CROSS JOIN counts c;

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 services:
   app:
+    container_name: bit
     build: .
     environment:
       ENV: production
-      DATABASE_URL: sqlite3://./sqlite/data.db?journal_mode=wal&synchronous=normal&foreign_keys=true
+      ADMIN_NAME: 'Tester'
-      APP_URL: http://0.0.0.0:4001
+      ADMIN_API_KEY: '0p+mDvbpZGLPGVCXnV+EDduR9Blkv27Dhq9XSzSbdQY='
     ports:
-      - 4001:4000
+      - 4000:4000
+    volumes:
+      - sqlite_data:/app/sqlite
+
+volumes:
+  sqlite_data:

docs/API.md

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# API Reference
+
+1. **Ping the API**
+
+   - Endpoint: `GET /api/ping`
+   - Payload: None
+   - Response: 200
+   - Response Example
+     ```json
+     {
+       "data": "pong"
+     }
+     ```
+2. **Redirect by Slug**
+
+   - Endpoint: `GET /:slug`
+   - Payload: None
+   - Response: 301
+
+3. **List All Links**
+
+   - Endpoint: `GET /api/links`
+   - Headers: `X-Api-Key`
+   - Query Parameters:
+     - `limit` (optional): Number of results per page (default: 100)
+     - `cursor` (optional): Pagination cursor from previous response
+   - Response: 200
+   - Response Example
+     ```json
+     {
+       "data": [
+         {
+           "id": "84f0c7a4-8c4e-4665-b676-cb9c5e40f1db",
+           "refer": "http://localhost:4000/3wP4BQ",
+           "origin": "https://monocuco.donado.co"
+         }
+       ],
+       "pagination": {
+         "has_more": true,
+         "next": "75e0a7f4-9c5e-1235-b546-eb9c5e40f7ac"
+       }
+     }
+     ```
+
+4. **List link by ID**
+   - Endpoint: `GET /api/links/:id`
+   - Headers: `X-Api-Key`
+   - Payload: None
+   - Note: This endpoint returns up to 100 of the most recent clicks. For complete click history, use the `/api/links/:id/clicks` endpoint with pagination.
+   - Response: 200
+   - Response Example
+     ```json
+     {
+       "data": {
+         "id": "84f0c7a4-8c4e-4665-b676-cb9c5e40f1db",
+         "refer": "http://localhost:4000/3wP4BQ",
+         "origin": "https://monocuco.donado.co",
+         "clicks": [
+           {
+             "id": "730e2202-58f9-478c-a24c-f1c561df6716",
+             "user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:127.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/127.0",
+             "country": "DE",
+             "browser": "Firefox",
+             "os": "Mac OS X",
+             "referer": "Direct",
+             "created_at": "2024-07-12T19:25:22Z"
+           }
+         ]
+       }
+     }
+     ```
+
+5. **List Clicks for a Link**
+   - Endpoint: `GET /api/links/:id/clicks`
+   - Headers: `X-Api-Key`
+   - Query Parameters:
+     - `limit` (optional): Number of results per page (default: 100)
+     - `cursor` (optional): Pagination cursor from previous response
+   - Response: 200
+   - Response Example
+     ```json
+     {
+       "data": [
+         {
+           "id": "730e2202-58f9-478c-a24c-f1c561df6716",
+           "user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:127.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/127.0",
+           "country": "DE",
+           "browser": "Firefox",
+           "os": "Mac OS X",
+           "referer": "Direct",
+           "created_at": "2024-07-12T19:25:22Z"
+         }
+       ],
+       "pagination": {
+         "has_more": true,
+         "next": "629e3301-47f8-389b-b24c-f1c561df9825"
+       }
+     }
+     ```
+
+6. **Create new link**
+   - Endpoint: `POST /api/links`
+   - Payload:
+     ```json
+     {
+       "url": "https://example.com"
+     }
+     ```
+   - Headers: `X-Api-Key`
+   - Response: 201
+   - Response Example:
+     ```json
+     {
+       "data": {
+         "id": "84f0c7a4-8c4e-4665-b676-cb9c5e40f1db",
+         "refer": "http://localhost:4000/3wP4BQ",
+         "origin": "https://example.com",
+         "clicks": []
+       }
+     }
+     ```
+
+7. **Update an existing link by ID**
+   - Endpoint: `PUT /api/links/:id`
+   - Payload:
+     ```json
+     {
+       "url": "https://newexample.com"
+     }
+     ```
+   - Headers: `X-Api-Key`
+   - Response: 200
+   - Response Example:
+     ```json
+     {
+       "data": {
+         "id": "84f0c7a4-8c4e-4665-b676-cb9c5e40f1db",
+         "refer": "http://localhost:4000/3wP4BQ",
+         "origin": "https://newexample.com",
+         "clicks": []
+       }
+     }
+     ```
+
+8. **Delete a link by ID**
+  - Endpoint: `DELETE /api/links/:id`
+  - Payload: None
+  - Headers: `X-Api-Key`
+  - Response: 204

docs/SETUP.md

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+## CLI
+
+```
+Usage: ./cli [options]
+Options:
+  --create-user=NAME     Create a new user with the given name
+  --list-users           List all users
+  --delete-user=USER_ID  Delete a user by ID
+  --update-data          Download all required data files
+```
+
+## Run It Anywhere
+
+### Docker Compose
+
+```bash
+docker-compose up
+
+# Optional: Generate an api key
+# docker-compose exec -it app cli --create-user=Admin
+```
+
+### Docker CLI
+
+```bash
+docker run \
+    --name bit \
+    -p 4000:4000 \
+    -e ENV="production" \
+    -e DATABASE_URL="sqlite3://./sqlite/data.db" \
+    -e APP_URL="http://localhost:4000" \
+    -e ADMIN_NAME="Admin" \
+    -e ADMIN_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 32) \
+    sjdonado/bit
+
+# Create a new user
+# docker exec -it bit cli --create-user=Admin
+```
+
+### Dokku
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM sjdonado/bit
+```
+
+```bash
+dokku apps:create bit
+
+dokku domains:set bit bit.donado.co
+dokku letsencrypt:enable bit
+
+dokku storage:ensure-directory bit-sqlite
+dokku storage:mount bit /var/lib/dokku/data/storage/bit-sqlite:/usr/src/app/sqlite/
+
+dokku config:set bit DATABASE_URL="sqlite3://./sqlite/data.db" APP_URL=https://bit.donado.co ADMIN_NAME=Admin ADMIN_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 32)
+
+dokku ports:add bit http:80:4000
+dokku ports:add bit https:443:4000
+
+# Create a new user
+# dokku run bit cli --create-user=Admin
+```
+
+### Dokku (same network)
+Recommended for lower latency communication (no host network traversal)
+
+```bash
+  dokku network:create bit-net
+  dokku network:set bit attach-post-create bit-net
+  dokku network:set myapp attach-post-create bit-net
+```
+
+## Local Development
+
+### Requirements
+- Crystal 1.12+
+- Shards package manager
+- SQLite3
+
+### Install Dependencies
+- linux
+```bash
+sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y crystal libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev
+```
+
+- macos
+```bash
+brew tap amberframework/micrate
+brew install micrate
+```
+
+### Install Shards and Run
+
+```bash
+shards run bit
+```
+
+- Generate the `X-Api-Key`
+
+```bash
+shards run cli -- --create-user=Admin
+```
+
+- Run tests
+
+```bash
+ENV=test crystal spec
+```
+
+## Benchmark
+
+- Colima: cpu 1, mem 1
+- SoC: Apple M3 Pro
+
+```
+~/p/bit> colima start --cpu 1 --memory 1
+INFO[0000] starting colima
+INFO[0000] runtime: docker
+INFO[0001] starting ...                                  context=vm
+INFO[0076] provisioning ...                              context=docker
+INFO[0077] starting ...                                  context=docker
+INFO[0077] done
+~/p/bit> ./benchmark.cr
+Setting up...
+Waiting for the application to be ready...
+Seeding the database...
+Checking seed results...
+Fetching all created links from /api/links...
+Selected link for benchmarking: http://localhost:4000/slug4280
+Starting benchmark with Bombardier...
+Bombarding http://localhost:4000/slug4280 with 100000 request(s) using 125 connection(s)
+ 100000 / 100000 [==============================================================] 100.00% 6562/s 15s
+Done!
+Statistics        Avg      Stdev        Max
+  Reqs/sec      6609.73    1508.34   13145.76
+  Latency       18.92ms     2.34ms    74.58ms
+  Latency Distribution
+     50%    18.83ms
+     75%    20.19ms
+     90%    21.80ms
+     95%    23.10ms
+     99%    26.54ms
+  HTTP codes:
+    1xx - 0, 2xx - 0, 3xx - 100000, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0
+    others - 0
+  Throughput:     1.80MB/s
+Benchmark completed successfully.
+Analyzing resource usage...
+Timestamp       CPU(%)  Memory(MiB)
+1742732843      0.02    44.71
+1742732845      0.02    44.71
+1742732847      85.34   69.55
+1742732849      83.5    69.93
+1742732851      84.26   69.97
+1742732853      83.64   70.01
+1742732855      84.23   70.04
+1742732857      86.41   69.17
+1742732859      85.77   69.2
+1742732861      59.67   68.55
+
+**** Resource Usage Statistics ****
+  Measurements: 10
+  Average CPU Usage: 65.29%
+  Average Memory Usage: 64.58 MiB
+  Peak CPU Usage: 86.41%
+  Peak Memory Usage: 70.04 MiB
+Cleanup completed. Resource usage data saved in resource_usage.txt
+```

scripts/cli.cr

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-require "uuid"
 require "option_parser"
 
 require "../app/services/cli"
@@ -19,11 +18,20 @@ OptionParser.parse do |parser|
     exit
   end
 
+  parser.on("--update-data", "Download all required data files (UA Parser and GeoLite2)") do
+    puts "=== Starting data files update ==="
+    App::Services::Cli.update_uap_regexes
+    App::Services::Cli.download_geolite_db
+    puts "=== All data files updated successfully ==="
+    exit
+  end
+
   if ARGV.empty?
     puts "Usage: ./cli [options]"
     puts "Options:"
-    puts "  --create-user=NAME  Create a new user with the given name"
+    puts "  --create-user=NAME     Create a new user with the given name"
-    puts "  --list-users        List all users"
+    puts "  --list-users           List all users"
-    puts "  --delete-user=USER_ID Delete a user by ID"
+    puts "  --delete-user=USER_ID  Delete a user by ID"
+    puts "  --update-data          Download all required data files"
   end
 end

scripts/migrate.cr

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-require "sqlite3"
-require"micrate"
-
-require "../app/config/env"
-
-Micrate::DB.connection_url = ENV["DATABASE_URL"]
-Micrate::Cli.run_up

shard.lock

@@ -20,10 +20,18 @@ shards:
     git: https://github.com/crystal-loot/exception_page.git
     version: 0.4.1
 
+  ipaddress:
+    git: https://github.com/sija/ipaddress.cr.git
+    version: 0.2.3
+
   kemal:
     git: https://github.com/kemalcr/kemal.git
     version: 1.5.0
 
+  maxminddb:
+    git: https://github.com/delef/maxminddb.cr.git
+    version: 1.5.0
+
   micrate:
     git: https://github.com/amberframework/micrate.git
     version: 0.15.1

shard.yml

@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
-name: url-shortener
+name: bit
-version: 0.1.0
+version: 1.5.2
 
 authors:
   - Juan Rodriguez <sjdonado@icloud.com>
 
 targets:
-  url-shortener:
+  bit:
-    main: url-shortener.cr
+    main: bit.cr
   cli:
     main: scripts/cli.cr
-  migrate:
-    main: scripts/migrate.cr
 
 dependencies:
   kemal:
@@ -22,6 +20,8 @@ dependencies:
   micrate:
     github: amberframework/micrate
     version: 0.15.1
+  maxminddb:
+    github: delef/maxminddb.cr
 
 development_dependencies:
   dotenv:
@@ -29,6 +29,6 @@ development_dependencies:
   spec-kemal:
     github: kemalcr/spec-kemal
 
-crystal: '>= 1.12.1'
+crystal: ">= 1.12.1"
 
 license: MIT

spec/integration/link_spec.cr

@@ -15,10 +15,34 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
         body: payload.to_json
       )
 
-      parsed_response = Hash(String, Hash(String, String | Int64)).from_json(response.body)
+      parsed_response = Hash(String, Hash(String, String | Int64 | Array(Hash(String, String)))).from_json(response.body)
       parsed_response["data"]["origin"].should eq(payload["url"])
     end
 
+    it "should return existing link if url already exists" do
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+
+      payload = {"url" => "http://idonthavespotify.donado.co"}
+      post(
+        "/api/links",
+        headers: HTTP::Headers{"Content-Type" => "application/json", "X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s},
+        body: payload.to_json
+      )
+
+      first_response = Hash(String, Hash(String, String | Int64 | Array(Hash(String, String)))).from_json(response.body)
+      first_response["data"]["origin"].should eq(payload["url"])
+
+      post(
+        "/api/links",
+        headers: HTTP::Headers{"Content-Type" => "application/json", "X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s},
+        body: payload.to_json
+      )
+
+      second_response = Hash(String, Hash(String, String | Int64 | Array(Hash(String, String)))).from_json(response.body)
+      second_response["data"]["origin"].should eq(payload["url"])
+      second_response["data"]["id"].should eq(first_response["data"]["id"])
+    end
+
     it "should return 400 - url required field" do
       test_user = create_test_user()
 
@@ -51,61 +75,94 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
       payload = {"url" => "https://kagi.com"}
       post("/api/links", headers: HTTP::Headers{"Content-Type" => "application/json"}, body: payload.to_json)
 
-      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized"}.to_json
+      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized access"}.to_json
       response.status_code.should eq(401)
       response.body.should eq(expected)
     end
   end
 
   describe "Index" do
-    it "should redirect to origin domain" do
+    it "should redirect to origin domain with forwarded headers" do
-      link = "https://kagi.com"
+      link = "https://test.com"
       test_user = create_test_user()
 
       test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
       serialized_link = App::Serializers::Link.new(test_link)
 
-      get(serialized_link.refer, headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+      user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:127.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/127.0"
+
+      get(serialized_link.refer, headers: HTTP::Headers{
+        "X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s,
+        "User-Agent" => user_agent
+      })
 
       response.headers["Location"].should eq(link)
+      response.headers["User-Agent"].should eq(user_agent)
+      response.headers.has_key?("X-Forwarded-For").should be_true
     end
 
-    it "should increase click counter after redirect" do
+    it "should create a new click after redirect with proper information" do
-      link = "https://kagi.com"
+      link = "https://sjdonado.com"
       test_user = create_test_user()
 
       test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
       serialized_link = App::Serializers::Link.new(test_link)
 
-      get(serialized_link.refer, headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+      user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:127.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/127.0"
-      Fiber.yield
+      referer = "https://example.com/page"
+
+      get(serialized_link.refer, headers: HTTP::Headers{
+        "User-Agent" => user_agent,
+        "Referer" => referer
+      })
+
+      Fiber.yield # replace yield with sleep 5 to debug errors
 
       response.headers["Location"].should eq(link)
 
+      # Verify that the click was recorded
       updated_test_link = get_test_link(test_link.id)
-      updated_test_link.click_counter.should eq(1)
+      updated_test_link.clicks.size.should eq(test_link.clicks.size + 1)
+
+      # Verify click details
+      latest_click = updated_test_link.clicks.last
+      latest_click.user_agent.should eq(user_agent)
+      latest_click.browser.should eq("Firefox")
+      latest_click.os.should eq("Mac OS X")
+      latest_click.referer.should eq("example.com") # Should extract host from the referer
+    end
+
+    it "should create a click with utm_source when no referer is provided" do
+      link = "https://sjdonado.com"
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+
+      test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
+      serialized_link = App::Serializers::Link.new(test_link)
+
+      # Add utm_source parameter
+      get("#{serialized_link.refer}?utm_source=email_campaign")
+
+      Fiber.yield
+
+      updated_test_link = get_test_link(test_link.id)
+      latest_click = updated_test_link.clicks.last
+      latest_click.referer.should eq("email_campaign")
     end
 
     it "should return 404 - link does not exist" do
-      link = "https://kagi.com"
       test_user = create_test_user()
 
-      test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
+      get("https://localhost:4001/R4kj2")
-      serialized_link = App::Serializers::Link.new(test_link)
 
-      delete_test_link(test_link.id)
+      expected = {"error" => "Resource not found"}.to_json
-
-      get(serialized_link.refer, headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
-
-      expected = {"error" => "Not Found"}.to_json
       response.status_code.should eq(404)
       response.body.should eq(expected)
     end
   end
 
   describe "All" do
-    it "should return all links" do
+    it "should return all links with pagination" do
-      links = ["https://google.com", "google.com", "google.com.co"]
+      links = ["https://sjdonado.com", "sjdonado.com", "sjdonado.com.co"]
       test_user = create_test_user()
 
       links.each do |link|
@@ -114,14 +171,58 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
 
       get("/api/links", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
 
-      parsed_response = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String | Int64))).from_json(response.body)
+      parsed_response = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String | Int64)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
-      parsed_response["data"][0]["origin"].should eq(links[0])
+
-      parsed_response["data"][1]["origin"].should eq(links[1])
+      # Check that each link is in the response data
-      parsed_response["data"][2]["origin"].should eq(links[2])
+      origins = parsed_response["data"].as(Array).map { |link| link["origin"] }
+      links.each do |link|
+        origins.should contain(link)
+      end
+
+      parsed_response["pagination"].as(Hash)["has_more"].should be_false
+    end
+
+    it "should respect custom limit parameter" do
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+
+      5.times do |i|
+        create_test_link(test_user, "https://example.com/#{i}")
+      end
+
+      get("/api/links?limit=2", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+
+      parsed_response = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String | Int64)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
+      parsed_response["data"].as(Array).size.should eq(2)
+      parsed_response["pagination"].as(Hash)["has_more"].should be_true
+      parsed_response["pagination"].as(Hash)["next"].should_not be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should support cursor-based pagination" do
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+
+      5.times do |i|
+        create_test_link(test_user, "https://example.com/#{i}")
+      end
+
+      # Get first page
+      get("/api/links?limit=2", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+      first_page = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String | Int64)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
+      cursor = first_page["pagination"].as(Hash)["next"]
+
+      # Get second page using cursor
+      get("/api/links?limit=2&cursor=#{cursor}", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+      second_page = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String | Int64)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
+
+      # Ensure different links are returned
+      first_page_ids = first_page["data"].as(Array).map { |link| link["id"] }
+      second_page_ids = second_page["data"].as(Array).map { |link| link["id"] }
+
+      # Check that no IDs from first page appear in second page
+      (first_page_ids & second_page_ids).empty?.should be_true
     end
 
     it "should return owned links only" do
-      links = ["https://google.com", "google.com", "google.com.co", "kagi.com"]
+      links = ["https://donado.co", "donado.co", "uninorte.edu.co", "kagi.com"]
       test_user = create_test_user()
 
       links[0..2].each do |link|
@@ -133,17 +234,135 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
 
       get("/api/links", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
 
-      parsed_response = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String | Int64))).from_json(response.body)
+      parsed_response = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String | Int64)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
-      parsed_response["data"].size.should eq(3)
+      parsed_response["data"].as(Array).size.should eq(3)
-      parsed_response["data"][0]["origin"].should eq(links[0])
+
-      parsed_response["data"][1]["origin"].should eq(links[1])
+      origins = parsed_response["data"].as(Array).map { |link| link["origin"] }
-      parsed_response["data"][2]["origin"].should eq(links[2])
+      links[0..2].each do |link|
+        origins.should contain(link)
+      end
+      origins.should_not contain(links[3])
     end
 
     it "should return 401 - missing api key" do
       get "/api/links"
 
-      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized"}.to_json
+      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized access"}.to_json
+      response.status_code.should eq(401)
+      response.body.should eq(expected)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "Get" do
+    it "should return the specified link with limited click details" do
+      link = "https://bing.com"
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+      test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
+
+      110.times do
+        create_test_click(test_link)
+      end
+
+      get("/api/links/#{test_link.id}", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+
+      parsed_response = Hash(String, Hash(String, String | Int64 | Array(Hash(String, String)))).from_json(response.body)
+      parsed_response["data"]["origin"].should eq(link)
+      parsed_response["data"]["clicks"].as(Array).size.should eq(100)
+    end
+
+    it "should return 404 - link does not exist" do
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+
+      get("/api/links/1", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+
+      expected = {"error" => "Resource not found"}.to_json
+      response.status_code.should eq(404)
+      response.body.should eq(expected)
+    end
+
+    it "should return 401 - missing api key" do
+      get "/api/links/1"
+
+      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized access"}.to_json
+      response.status_code.should eq(401)
+      response.body.should eq(expected)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "Clicks" do
+    it "should return paginated clicks for a link" do
+      link = "https://example.com"
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+      test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
+
+      5.times do
+        create_test_click(test_link)
+      end
+
+      get("/api/links/#{test_link.id}/clicks", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+
+      parsed_response = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
+      parsed_response["data"].as(Array).size.should eq(5)
+      parsed_response["pagination"].as(Hash)["has_more"].should be_false
+    end
+
+    it "should respect limit parameter" do
+      link = "https://example.com"
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+      test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
+
+      10.times do
+        create_test_click(test_link)
+      end
+
+      get("/api/links/#{test_link.id}/clicks?limit=3", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+
+      parsed_response = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
+      parsed_response["data"].as(Array).size.should eq(3)
+      parsed_response["pagination"].as(Hash)["has_more"].should be_true
+      parsed_response["pagination"].as(Hash)["next"].should_not be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should support cursor-based pagination" do
+      link = "https://example.com"
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+      test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
+
+      10.times do
+        create_test_click(test_link)
+      end
+
+      # Get first page
+      get("/api/links/#{test_link.id}/clicks?limit=3", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+      first_page = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
+      cursor = first_page["pagination"].as(Hash)["next"]
+
+      # Get second page using cursor
+      get("/api/links/#{test_link.id}/clicks?limit=3&cursor=#{cursor}", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+      second_page = Hash(String, Array(Hash(String, String)) | Hash(String, Bool | String?)).from_json(response.body)
+
+      # Ensure different clicks are returned
+      first_page_ids = first_page["data"].as(Array).map { |click| click["id"] }
+      second_page_ids = second_page["data"].as(Array).map { |click| click["id"] }
+
+      # Check that no IDs from first page appear in second page
+      (first_page_ids & second_page_ids).empty?.should be_true
+    end
+
+    it "should return 404 - link does not exist" do
+      test_user = create_test_user()
+
+      get("/api/links/nonexistent_id/clicks", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
+
+      expected = {"error" => "Resource not found"}.to_json
+      response.status_code.should eq(404)
+      response.body.should eq(expected)
+    end
+
+    it "should return 401 - missing api key" do
+      get("/api/links/1/clicks")
+
+      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized access"}.to_json
       response.status_code.should eq(401)
       response.body.should eq(expected)
     end
@@ -151,18 +370,18 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
 
   describe "Update" do
     it "should update link url" do
-      link = "https://kagi.com"
+      link = "https://github.com"
       test_user = create_test_user()
       test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
 
-      payload = {"url" => "https://kagi.com.co"}
+      payload = {"url" => "https://github.com.co"}
       put(
         "/api/links/#{test_link.id}",
         headers: HTTP::Headers{"Content-Type" => "application/json", "X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s},
         body: payload.to_json
       )
 
-      parsed_response = Hash(String, Hash(String, String | Int64)).from_json(response.body)
+      parsed_response = Hash(String, Hash(String, String | Int64 | Array(Hash(String, String)))).from_json(response.body)
       parsed_response["data"]["origin"].should eq(payload["url"])
     end
 
@@ -176,7 +395,7 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
         body: payload.to_json
       )
 
-      expected = {"error" => "Not Found"}.to_json
+      expected = {"error" => "Resource not found"}.to_json
       response.status_code.should eq(404)
       response.body.should eq(expected)
     end
@@ -189,7 +408,7 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
         body: payload.to_json
       )
 
-      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized"}.to_json
+      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized access"}.to_json
       response.status_code.should eq(401)
       response.body.should eq(expected)
     end
@@ -197,7 +416,7 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
 
   describe "Delete" do
     it "should delete link url" do
-      link = "https://kagi.com"
+      link = "https://news.ycombinator.com"
       test_user = create_test_user()
       test_link = create_test_link(test_user, link)
 
@@ -211,7 +430,7 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
 
       delete("/api/links/1", headers: HTTP::Headers{"X-Api-Key" => test_user.api_key.to_s})
 
-      expected = {"error" => "Not Found"}.to_json
+      expected = {"error" => "Resource not found"}.to_json
       response.status_code.should eq(404)
       response.body.should eq(expected)
     end
@@ -219,7 +438,7 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Link" do
     it "should return 401 - missing api key" do
       delete "/api/links/1"
 
-      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized"}.to_json
+      expected = {"error" => "Unauthorized access"}.to_json
       response.status_code.should eq(401)
       response.body.should eq(expected)
     end

spec/integration/ping_spec.cr

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ describe "App::Controllers::Ping" do
   it "should return pong" do
     get "/api/ping"
 
-    expected = {"pong" => "ok"}.to_json
+    expected = {"data" => "pong"}.to_json
     response.body.should eq(expected)
   end
 end

spec/services/cli_spec.cr

@@ -34,4 +34,29 @@ describe "App::Services::Cli" do
 
     output.should contain "Failed to delete user"
   end
+
+  it "sets up an admin user if environment variables are present" do
+    ENV["ADMIN_NAME"] = "adminuser"
+    ENV["ADMIN_API_KEY"] = "secure_admin_key"
+
+    App::Services::Cli.setup_admin_user
+
+    admin_user = App::Lib::Database.all(App::Models::User).find { |u| u.name == "adminuser" }
+    admin_user.should_not be_nil
+    admin_user = admin_user.not_nil!
+
+    admin_user.api_key.should eq "secure_admin_key"
+
+    App::Services::Cli.delete_user(admin_user.id)
+  end
+
+  it "skips admin setup if environment variables are missing" do
+    ENV.delete("ADMIN_NAME")
+    ENV.delete("ADMIN_API_KEY")
+
+    App::Services::Cli.setup_admin_user
+
+    users = App::Lib::Database.all(App::Models::User)
+    users.none? { |u| u.name == "adminuser" }.should be_true
+  end
 end

spec/spec_helper.cr

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
-require "uuid"
+require "file_utils"
 
 require "spec-kemal"
 require "micrate"
 
-require "../url-shortener"
+require "dotenv"
+Dotenv.load ".env.#{ENV["ENV"]}"
+
+require "../bit"
 
 Spec.before_suite do
+  # Delete the SQLite database file if it exists
+  db_file_path = ENV["DATABASE_URL"].split("sqlite3://").last.split("?").first
+  if File.exists?(db_file_path)
+    File.delete(db_file_path)
+  end
+
   Micrate::DB.connection_url = ENV["DATABASE_URL"]
   Micrate::Cli.run_up
 
@@ -14,13 +23,13 @@ end
 
 def create_test_user
   user = App::Models::User.new
-  user.id = UUID.v4.to_s
   user.name = "Tester"
   user.api_key = Random::Secure.urlsafe_base64()
 
   changeset = App::Lib::Database.insert(user)
   if !changeset.valid?
-    raise "Test user creation failed"
+    error_messages = changeset.errors.map { |error| "#{error}" }.join(", ")
+    raise "Test user creation failed #{error_messages}"
   end
 
   user
@@ -28,23 +37,49 @@ end
 
 def create_test_link(user, url)
   link = App::Models::Link.new
-  link.id = UUID.v4.to_s
+  link.slug = App::Services::SlugService.shorten_url(url, user.id)
   link.url = url
-  link.slug = Random::Secure.urlsafe_base64(4)
   link.user = user
 
   changeset = App::Lib::Database.insert(link)
-  if !changeset.valid?
+  unless changeset.valid?
-    raise "Test link creation failed"
+    error_messages = changeset.errors.map { |error| "#{error}" }.join(", ")
+    raise "Test link creation failed: #{error_messages}"
   end
 
+  link.clicks = [] of App::Models::Click
+
   link
 end
 
-def get_test_link(link_id)
+def create_test_click(link)
-  App::Lib::Database.get!(App::Models::Link, link_id)
+  click = App::Models::Click.new
+  click.user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:127.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/127.0"
+  click.browser = "Firefox"
+  click.os = "Mac OS X"
+  click.referer = "example.com"
+  click.country = "US"
+  click.created_at = Time.utc
+  click.link = link
+  click.link_id = link.id
+
+  changeset = App::Lib::Database.insert(click)
+  unless changeset.valid?
+    error_messages = changeset.errors.map { |error| "#{error}" }.join(", ")
+    raise "Test click creation failed: #{error_messages}"
+  end
+  click
 end
 
-def delete_test_link(link_id)
+def get_test_link(link_id: Int64)
+  query = App::Lib::Database::Query.where(id: link_id).limit(1)
+  link = App::Lib::Database.all(App::Models::Link, query, preload: [:clicks]).first?
+
+  raise "Link not found" if link.nil?
+
+  link
+end
+
+def delete_test_link(link_id: Int64)
   App::Lib::Database.raw_exec("DELETE FROM links WHERE id = (?)", link_id) # tempfix: Database.delete does not work
 end